FBIs Unique Role in the United States Law Enforcement...

The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) has a unique role in the United States law enforcement community. The FBI is not a national police force, unlike other nations (such as France, Italy, Spain and Columbia) where patrol units and first responders are organized under the national government. The FBI is purely an investigative and intelligence agency and focuses on cross jurisdictional crimes and national security issues. Its stated mission is â€Å"To protect and defend the United States against terrorist and foreign intelligence threats, to uphold and enforce the criminal laws of the United States, and to provide leadership and criminal justice services to federal, state, municipal, and international agencies and partners† (FBI.gov).†¦show more content†¦Protect the United States against cyber-based attacks and high-technology crimes; 4. Combat public corruption at all levels; 5. Protect civil rights; 6. Combat transnational and national criminal organizations and enterprises; 7. Combat major white collar crime; 8. Combat significant violent crime; The time is near for the next strategic plan to be published, and comments made by FBI Director Robert Mueller indicate that the FBI’s priorities may be shifting yet again: â€Å"â€Å"We are developing and putting into place a different structure for the FBI that reflects the particular threat today. My own belief is that as we look to 2010, as we look further in the future†¦increasingly the FBI’s mission will be to address transnational threats because†¦we are the intersection between the threat overseas and state and local law enforcement†. Rightfully so, Director Mueller has recognized the growing threat from transnational organized crime and will hopefully he make it a top priority in coming years. The reason that international organized crime should be a top priority for the FBI is that it represents the greatest chronic criminal threat to the safety and well-being of American citizens and to the national security. This is not to say that the other seven items that were FBI priorities from 2004-2009 are unimportant, but they pale in the frequency and magnitude at which international organized crime affects America. Certainly, terrorismShow MoreRelatedViolence And Culture : What Is A World Without Violence?2434 Words   |  10 Pagesbroken cycle of trust and protection in an us against them society. Is it safe to say the purpose of the American police and Sherriff department is to have a unique partnership with the community in accordance with the constitutional rights to not only provide a safe environment, preserve the peace but to also reduce the fear and enforce the laws in which the government has set forth for us all to abide by? The protection of the American nation has converted from the officer behind the uniform and badgeRead MoreWashington Dc For A Nation Youth Leadership Forum On National Security1798 Words   |  8 PagesEver since I entered high school I have been interested in working for a federal law enforcement agency. I have been to Washington DC for a Nation Youth Leadership Forum on National Security, and have had the chance to meet many people from different agencies. Being able to talk to these people about their jobs only increased my interest in this field of work. When thinking about what I want to do in the future I would like to work as a special agent. Almost every federal agency has careers thatRead MoreCauses of Bank Failure6382 Words   |  26 Pagesconspiring to commit bank and wire fraud for his role in a $1.5 billion fraud scheme that contributed to the failure of TBW. The guilty plea was announced today by Assistant Attorney General Lanny A. Breuer of the Criminal Division; U.S. Attorney Neil H. MacBride for the Eastern District of Virginia; Acting Special Inspector General Christy Romero for the Troubled Asset Relief Program (SIGTARP); Assistant Director in Charge James W. McJunkin of the FBI’s Washington Field Office; Michael P. StephensRead MoreNational Security Outline Essay40741 Words   |  163 PagesNational Security Law and the Role of Tipson 1 CHAPTER 2: Theoretical approaches to national security world order 4 CHAPTER 3: Development of the International Law of Conflict Management 5 CHAPTER 4: The Use of Force in International Relations: Norms Concerning the Initiation of Coercion (JNM) 7 CHAPTER 5: Institutional Modes of Conflict Management 17 The United Nations System 17 Proposals for Strengthening Management Institutional Modes of Conduct 23 CHAPTER 6: The Laws of War and Neutrality

International Trade and Ad Campaign Essay - 1063 Words

Task Name: Phase 5 Group Project Group Mates: Gover, Kairee Harris, Angela Hodnik, Andrew Holder, Maria Howard, Octavia Hunter, Salina Joecken, Luann Johnson, Eric Deliverable Length: See assignment details Details: Weekly tasks or assignments (Individual or Group Projects) will be due by Monday and late submissions will be assigned a late penalty in accordance with the late penalty policy found in the syllabus. NOTE: All submission posting times are based on midnight Central Time. In a recent State of the Union Address, the President of the United States announced the formation of the National Export Initiative, an important endeavor that is necessary for long-term, sustainable economic growth for the country. The†¦show more content†¦Your assignment is to fill in the table. 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Economics Assignment Free Essays

ECONOMICS ASSIGNMENT For a market of your choice, keep track of the spot or share price fluctuations during a period of at least two years. Prepare a report of approximately 3000 words, for each market, discussing in detail the multiple forces (interesting developments) responsible for the trends. Tuesday 24 May 2011 Table of Contents Executive Summary Executive Summary In analysing the consumer market, we have chosen the share prices of two JSE listed companies, namely SABMiller and Rainbow Chicken which belong to the beverages and food producer’s sub-sectors respectively. We will write a custom essay sample on Economics Assignment or any similar topic only for you Order Now Our two-year analysis is for the period March 2009 to May 2011. We will explore how Rainbow Chicken fared relative to its nearest competitor – Astral Foods. SABMiller allowed us to expand our thinking and methodology as the company also has a dual-listing on the London Stock Exchange. Its three closest competitors Heineken, Anheuser-Busch InBev and Carlsberg Breweries have foreign listings. It stands to reason, therefore, that we begin our assignment with an overview of the global context in which both companies operated in the period under review. The aftermath of the recession and changes in global economic indicators like the ZAR:USD exchange rate and the price of Brent crude oil will be examined. What we found particularly interesting was the resilience of both company’s share prices in the challenging global economic climate. We mention the factors that insulated each share from the global downturn. We then turn our attention to South Africa’s economic environment and examine the extent to which the foregoing global factors impacted on South Africa’s macroeconomic policy landscape. The two variables that we pay particular attention to are the local repo and CPI rates. We address the extent to which changes to these local variables impacted on the share prices of SABMiller and Rainbow Chicken. As mentioned in the first paragraph, our analyses consider the industries in which both companies operate by comparing their share prices with those of their nearest competitors. Our company analyses focus on internal considerations and the strategic objectives detailed in SABMiller’s and Rainbow’s annual reports for the 2009 and 2010 financial year ends. In our analyses of each company’s share price, we remain mindful of the fact that, although not directly responsible for the share’s daily performance, the objectives and calibre of management nevertheless impact on the share price. We conclude each analysis with a justifiable prediction of the expected trajectory of each company’s share price. The concentric eclipses in the diagram below depict the logical progression of our assignment’s structure, beginning with the outer-most eclipse. The diagram also shows the inter-relatedness of each eclipse relative to the other and how it is impossible to isolate the effects of one from the other. This reinforces the aphorism that: â€Å"in Economics everything is related to everything else; and usually in more ways than one. † The Global Environment [pic] Source: www. eia. doe. gov The price of Brent crude oil has been steady at an average level of $70 to $80 a barrel until November 2010. Since December 2010, the oil price has been rising, reaching a peak of $120 / barrel in April 2011. This has been partly due to uprisings in the Arab world, which holds the majority of global oil reserves. The oil price affects domestic inflation as fuel and energy are a major component of South Africa’s CPI basket. The price of petrol, which is based on oil prices, also raises logistical costs. SABMiller and Rainbow paid more to transport their products in the December 2010 to May 2011 period as a result of the spike in oil prices. It stands to reason that these higher transportation costs would be passed on to consumers as higher product prices by both companies. pic] Source: www. xe. com The graph above shows that the Rand has been strengthening relative to the US Dollar from 1USD:10ZAR to 1USD:6,3ZAR between March 2009 and May 2011. The strong rand has had a favourable impact on our terms of trade as can be seen from the self-explanatory graph below which depicts the Balance of Payments. The company analyses below reveal that SABMiller exports and imports a number of its brands across the world. Rainbow Chicken imports the soy component of its chicken feed wholly from Argentina. The rand’s strength impacts on both companies’ performances (and hence) their share prices favourably. [pic] [pic] Source: www. resbank. co. za The South African Environment Domestic interest rates [pic] Source: www. resbank. co. za The graph above shows that the Reserve Bank’s stance to monetary policy has been expansionary. This is shown by the gradual decline in the repo rate from 9,5% in March 2009 to its current level of 5,5% in May 2011. The Reserve Bank’s mandate is to keep the inflation rate within its target band of 3% to 6% and it uses the repo rate as the instrument with which to impact inflation. The Reserve Bank’s lowering of the repo rate is due to the CPI breaching its upper target limit of 6%. This is shown in the graph below. There is a positive relationship between the repo rate and CPI. It stands to reason, therefore, that the gradual lowering of the repo rate would be accompanied by a decline in the CPI rate. This is indeed the case. However, because of lags, the effect of a fall in the repo rate on the inflation rate is not reflected immediately and the CPI remains significantly above the upper limit. A fall in the repo rate eases pressure on consumers by raising their disposal incomes since they, theoretically, spend less on their credit commitments. All things being equal, this would raise the sales volumes of SABMiller’s and Rainbow’s products. Domestic Inflation [pic] Source: www. statssa. gov. za The graph above depicts the trend in inflation. It is clear that although the inflation rate has been on a downward trajectory (following the lowering of the repo rate) it was in breach of the upper limit of 6% from March 2009 to Oct 2009. It was within the target band in November 2009 but breached the upper limit again between December 2009 and February 2010. The latter breach is attributable to the market’s inflation expectations because of the steep increase in electricity tariffs during this period (www. eskom. co. za). As mentioned previously, the biggest components of South Africa’s CPI basket are food and fuel and the graphs below will be used to explain the impact of inflation on SABMiller’s and Rainbow’s performance specifically. CPI indicator relevant to SAB Miller pic] Source: www. statssa. gov. za This graph shows that inflation for alcoholic beverages has not only been consistently higher than the upper limit of the inflation target band, it has also been significantly higher than the country’s inflation rate. This is due to the fact that a major component of the price of alcohol is a â€Å"sin tax†, which is imposed by the finance ministry, because of the relative ly inelastic nature of the price elasticity of demand for alcohol as well as irresponsible and excessive consumption patterns. For some consumers, even a sharp increase in the price of alcoholic beverages does not result in a fall in the quantity demanded. There would, in all likelihood, be a shift away from the consumption of relatively more expensive alcoholic beverages towards relatively cheaper alcohol – not a complete cessation in the consumption of alcohol. This is one of the reasons that SABMiller’s share price has shown steady gains relative to the market. CPI indicator relevant to Rainbow Chicken [pic] Source: www. statssa. gov. za Consumer food price inflation decelerated sharply from December 2010. It is also interesting to note, that between January 2009 and January 2010, the prices of wheat fell by 24,58%, maize by 22,57% and sunflower seeds by 18,49% (www. finweek. co. za) Decreases in the prices of these staple foods has a positive impact on the poor as they spend 33,4% of their incomes on food; versus the rich who spend a mere 2,6% of their incomes on food. Poor people consume relatively more chicken than red meat because the latter is relatively more expensive. Chicken is the cheapest form of protein in South Africa and demand for it is high (www. astralfoods. com). Furthermore, the above staple foods are used as chicken feed which is a significant input cost for Rainbow Chicken, therefore the company has had cost savings because of bumper crops and the consequent price decreases in these commodities. The table on the following page clearly accounts for the nearly vertical decline in the graph above which shows food price inflation. [pic] Source: www. resbank. co. za GDP – South Africa [pic] [pic] Source: www. statssa. gov. za The graphs above show that South Africa was in a recession in 2009, as defined, because of the two consecutive quarters of negative GDP growth. Our recovery from the global recession was due to the fact that we had a low exposure to the sub-prime market crisis that was responsible for the global meltdown. Our banking and macroeconomic policies remain robust. The growth in the economy from the third quarter of 2009 is also due to infrastructural investments that were made for the 2010 Soccer World Cup as well as South Africa’s contributions to the BRIC emerging markets bloc – especially our trade with China. It is expected that our formal inclusion to the BRICS nations since April 2011 will maintain the upward trend in GDP (www. lobalsherpa. org). Positive GDP growth has a positive impact on the performance of SABMiller’s and Rainbow’s shares. In a boom everyone does well. SABMiller, in particular, has a presence in all five BRICS nations and is poised for growth as emerging market economies have overtaken developed economies in their contributions to global GDP. We now examine SABMiller’s s hare price in more detail and then turn our attention to Rainbow Chicken in light of the foregoing discussions on the global and local environments. Analysis of SABMiller pic] SABMiller is a global operation covering 75 countries on six continents and employing over 70 000 people. Its portfolio of businesses is divided into six regions and is well balanced between developed and emerging markets. Between them, the businesses produce over 200 different brands and sell 213 million hectoliters of lager a year. Since listing on the London Stock Exchange 10 years ago the company has grown substantially and has a market capitalisation of ZAR 419,837,700,000 on the JSE and GBP 36,099,310,000 on the LSE. The company’s markets range from developed economies such as the USA to the fast growing BRICS economies (SABMiller Annual Report, 2009). SABMiller is also the number one bottler of soft drinks for The Coca Cola Company. The breweries market can be seen as oligopolistic in nature since SABMiller and its three main competitors (Heineken, Anheuser-Busch InBev and Carlsberg) are the dominant players in the market and have significant market share amongst them. The oligopolistic market structure has a positive impact on the company’s operations and share price performance. In North America, SABMiller (through its strategic partners) is the second-largest brewer in the United States and owns nearly 30% of the US beer market. In Latin America, it is the number one brewer by market share. In the majority of the ten European countries in which it operates, the company is the number one or number two brewer by market share. The same holds for Africa and Asia. In the 2009 annual report Mayer Kahn, the Chairman of the Board, stated that the global brewing industry was expected to continue to consolidate and that participation in industry consolidation provides opportunities to enter growth markets and to create value from scale benefits. The graph below shows SABMiller’s share price relative to its three main competitors. It is clear that all four companies’ trajectories have moved in tandem but Carlsberg’s share price has significantly taken the lead with SABMiller in second place. At the turn of the century, the top 10 brewers accounted for just over one-third of global beer sales volumes. The past decade has seen a rapid consolidation, resulting in the top four brewers – Anheuser-Busch InBev, SABMiller, Heineken and Carlsberg – accounting for almost 50% of beer sales volumes and up to 75% of the global profit pool. (SABMiller Annual Report, 2010) [pic] Source: www. heineken. com Mr Kahn attributes the company’s good results (in both 2009 and 2010) to the operational strengths of the businesses and the power of their leading local brands. He concedes that even though SABMiller was not immune to the global crisis, beer is a fairly resilient product which placed the company in a better position than many to weather the storm. He goes on to say: â€Å"Thanks, partly, to our long experience of emerging markets, we are used to operating under difficult conditions. If we look back ten years to our London stock market listing, it is worth remembering that the Asian currency crisis at that time had shaken investor confidence in emerging markets and that the outlook was far from encouraging. Nevertheless, we prospered and grew and achieved the international expansion that our listing was intended to facilitate. Ten years on, our geographic spread is proving to be an advantage in that different countries are affected by the crisis at different rates and to differing degrees. So while demand in Europe has dropped sharply, countries in emerging markets such as Africa and Asia have fared relatively well despite falling back from the high – one might say unsustainable – rates of growth of recent years. † SABMiller Annual Report, 2009 In short, SABMiller’s diverse spread of businesses, strong market positions, and a portfolio of leading brands mitigated against the risks and negative consequences of the global downturn and contributed to the steady upward momentum in the share price. In response to the mismatch between the supply of, and demand for, certain brewing and packaging raw materials in Africa, the company is increasingly using locally grown crops such as sorghum and cassava to produce affordable brands. This is done to minimise supply shortages and the price volatility of key raw material inputs. Continued robust pricing and productivity enhancements offset increased commodity costs (SABMiller Annual Report, 2010). It comes as no surprise, therefore, that the combination of the above factors resulted in a steady upward trend in the company’s share prices on both the London and Johannesburg bourses in the period under review as seen in the graphs below. [pic][pic] Source: www. sabmiller. com In 2010, Mr Kahn had similar good news for investors, citing the same reasons as for 2009. However he mentions the company’s management team as being a key contributor to the positive results: This year, in addition, we have benefited from management’s ability to reduce costs and selectively increase prices in order to maximise revenues†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Source: SABMiller Annual Report, 2010 In the third paragraph of our Executive Summary, we mentioned that the management of any company is not responsible for the share price. However, in fulfilling its primary objective of maximising shareholder value, the credibility of and strategies employed by management invariably have an impact on the share price. It would appear that the management and directorship of SABMiller are market-friendly. The members of the executive team are representative of each of the continents in which the company operates; with Mr Cyril Ramaphosa and Dr Dambisa Moyo as the notable representatives for Africa. Other market-friendly strategies include the December 2009 announcement that 8. 45% of the shares in SABMiller’s South African subsidiary, The South African Breweries Ltd (SAB), would be placed under Black ownership as part of its commitment to Broad-Based Black Economic Empowerment in South Africa. This transaction created 40,000 new shareholders among SAB employees and qualifying retailers. The deal also created a charitable foundation that holds 18% of the shares that were issued under the transaction. The dividend income will be used for the benefit of the wider South African community (SABMiller Annual Report, 2010). The company also capitalised on the strength of emerging markets (particularly in China and Africa) by channeling its growth strategies to these markets. â€Å"Globally, the beer market grew by 1. 5% in 2010, led by a continuing strong performance in Asia, Africa and Latin America. China grew by 6. 5%, Africa by 3. 1% and Latin America by almost 3%. Western Europe continued the trend of declining beer volumes, driven by a shift in consumption to other beverages and the decline of on-premise consumption. † Source: SABMiller Annual Report, 2010 In the 2010 financial year the company acquired four new breweries in China, invested in new breweries in Tanzania, Mozambique, Angola and Southern Sudan and carried out expansions and upgrades in Uganda and Zambia. The trends in the graphs depicting SABMiller’s share price on both the London and Johannesburg Securities’ Exchanges (given above) require no further explanation. With good management being both a contributory factor to and a consequence of the share’s strong performance, it is reasonable to conclude that the positive momentum will continue. [pic] Analysis of Rainbow Chicken [pic] Rainbow Chicken Limited is the largest processor and marketer of chicken in South Africa. It is a fully integrated broiler producer that breeds and rears its own livestock which it feeds from its own feed mills. Rainbow processes, distributes and markets fresh, frozen, value-added and further-processed chicken. The company has a market capitalisation of ZAR 6 124 893 000 009 was a very challenging year for the South African poultry industry, both locally and globally. The local chicken industry was negatively impacted by the fall in demand due to the recession. An oversupply by local producers and increased imports due to the strong rand also added to the industry’s woes. These difficult market conditions were a further test of Rainbow’s differen tiated brand strategy, which through its foodservice and consumer brands, seeks more consistent, profitable and sustainable business (Rainbow Chicken Annual Report, 2009). Despite these challenges, Rainbow managed to deliver an acceptable overall performance. Positive performance, like a rally in the share price, is a function of several variables and while we can make inferences about the correlation between the two, we make no such inferences about their causality. Like SABMiller, Rainbow’s Black Economic Empowerment transaction (which was concluded in July 2008) was market-friendly and boosted the company’s share price. Rainbow provided vendor financing for a 15% equity stake that was issued to a consortium that was constituted by its employees, Imbewu Consortium, Ikamva Labantu, and Mrs M Nhlanhla, a non-executive director. The BBBEE transaction resulted in the share price rallying from R12. 0 to R16. 80 in the latter period of the second quarter of the 2009 financial year as shown in the graph on the following page. 2010 was an equally challenging year for Rainbow but its effects were mitigated by South Africa’s steady recovery from the recession, a lower interest rate and inflationary environment. Maize prices d eclined since their peak in July 2008. The global financial crisis caused a dramatic decrease in the demand for maize, improving the previously dangerously low US and global maize stock situations to such an extent that international prices fell sharply from their record levels. Rainbow Chicken, Annual Report, 2010). The fall in maize prices, which is a major component in chicken feed, resulted in a reduction in the company’s input costs which boosted the bottom line. Local producers added significant production capacity for wheat, grain and soy over the past five years. Rainbow imports the soya component of its chicken feed from Argentina and it has a significant FOREX exposure. The strong rand, however, in the period under review, has been in the company’s favour. The company’s 2010 annual report reflected acceptable profit margins. In both 2009 and during 2010, the company’s share price maintained its upward momentum as reflected in the graph below. [pic] |Key Features – Rainbow Chicken Share Price | |Year |Low |High | |2009 |11500 |16800 | |2010 |15900 |16900 | The graph and table above confirm the findings in the preceding paragraphs. Although the difference between the year’s highest share prices is negligible, South Africa’s economic recovery may be gleaned from the fact that the lowest share price for 2010 was 4400c above the 2009 low. Consumer’s disposable incomes were higher in 2010 because of falling interest and inflation rates. Falling input costs and increased consumer demand increased the appetite for the company’s shares as investors’ expectations of earning better returns were supported. Other events that led to sharp movements in the company’s share price include the market’s speculative expectations immediately prior to the announcement of the group’s 2009 results. After the results were announced, the share price dropped to R13. 90 because of the 39. 6% decline in headline earnings. The reason for this decline in earnings can be attributed to the company’s policy of buying feed products forward. The share price stabilised for the remainder of 2010 due to an increase in the multitude of families that joined the ranks of South Africa’s middle class. As the middle class grows in size, so the taste of chicken diversifies allowing entrepreneurs to come up with new ways of marketing chicken to end consumers. We now turn our attention to Rainbow’s competitor, Astral Foods, to get a better idea of the South African poultry industry before making conclusions about how justifiable a continued rally in Rainbow’s share price is. Astral Foods is Rainbow Chicken’s nearest competitor. The company holds investments in subsidiary and joint venture companies. Its primary activities are animal feed pre-mixes, the manufacturing of animal feeds, broiler genetics, the production and sale of day-old broiler chicks and hatching eggs, integrated breeder and broiler production operations, abattoirs and the sale and distribution of various key poultry brands. Its current market capitalisation is R5,5 bn (www. moneyweb. co. za) Despite a 5% drop in sales volumes, revenue for Astral Foods’ poultry division increased by 13% for the 2009 financial year. (Astral Foods Annual Report, 2009). The market was neutral about the appointment of Chris Schutte as the Chief Executive Officer, effective 1 May 2009. The share price was also not responsive to the appointment of Daan Ferreira as the Financial Director. This may be because it was not perceived to be mindful of BBBEE. The improvement in Astral Foods’ revenue for the 2010 period was largely attributable to a sustained growth in volume. The volume growth was on the back of improved production results supported by better poultry health status. Depressed consumer spending, together with higher levels of imports and high local stock levels, contributed to vigorous promotional activity with prices at levels below historical levels. Reduced feeding costs during the period countered the effects of lower poultry selling prices. A lengthy period of industrial action at Earlybird Standerton negatively impacted the company’s share performance. (Astral Foods Annual Report 2010) |[pic] | |The graph above shows the steadily upward trend in Astral Foods share price. Not surprisingly, it follows a similar pattern to Rainbow | |Chicken’s share price – with pronounced sell-offs in the first and second quarters of 2009 and improvements thereafter. This pattern | |provides comfort because of the consistency of both company’s responsiveness to events in the poultry industry. It would be concerning if | |the companies had different trajectories. The consensus amongst analysts is that the South African poultry industry is poised for | |significant growth given that the price of chicken has risen by 30 per cent year-on-year while the cost of feed has come down. We | |anticipate that Rainbow’s share price will maintain its upward trend. | | | BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. Astral Foods Limited Annual Report, 2009. www. astralfoods. com 2. EIA Independent Statistics and Analysis, US Energy Information Administration, www. eia. doe. gov 3. www. eskom. co. za 4. www. finweek. co. za/Economy/Food-inflation-still-a-concern-20100301 5. www. globalsherpa. org/china-africa-brics 6. www. heineken. com 7. www. moneyweb. o. za 8. Rainbow Chicken Limited Annual Report, 2009 and 2010, www. rainbowchicken. co. za 9. Reserve Bank Quarterly Bulletin March 2011,www. resbank. co. za 10. SABMiller PLC Annual Report, 2009, www. sabmiller. com 11. SABMiller PLC Annual Report, 2010, www. sabmiller. com 12. Statistics South Africa, Statistical release P0141, www. statssa. gov. za 13. www. xe. com [pic] ———————– Economics Assignment 2011 GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT LOCAL ENVIRONMENT INDUSTRY / COMPETITORS COMPANY SHARE PRICE How to cite Economics Assignment, Essay examples

Marketing Management for Maggi - Nescafe and Kit Kat- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theMarketing Management for Maggi, Nescafe and Kit Kat. Answer: Introduction The report focuses on basic understanding of marketing techniques performed by one of the prominent company named Nestle in Malaysia. It includes the several tools and techniques in developing a management of marketing operations. In order to analyse the management strategy, it must require appropriate interpretation of marketing management. Company Analysis Nestle is known for its bestselling and manufacturing products in a sector of food and beverage. The company headquarter is situated in Vevey, Switzerland. From the time when the year of 1912, Nestle still holds a successful position in nurturing every Malaysians by its excellence services provided in its product (Urde, 2009). The Nestle considered as a trademark by a name of its products like Maggi, Nescafe and Kit Kat. The history of Nestle trace from a year of 1866. The Henri Nestl, the Swiss chemist founded the core theme of Nestle. He is considered as a founding father of Nestle Company and creator of the product called Farine Lacte Nestl, a condensed milk for babies who were unable to have mother feed at the period of infant mortality in the 18th century. In the year of 1867, Henri Nestl implemented a new idea to his own coat of arms as a logo in 1867. The meaning the tag line in Nestle was little nest represented a concept of cherishing and caring, nourishment, security and family closeness. These characteristics are still considered as the guiding factor for the legacy of the Nestle Company as it achieves its assurance to 'Good Food, Good Life.' SWOT Analysis The marketing of Nestle Company analyses on the basis of its following strength, weaknesses, opportunity and threat (Moura, Branco and Camoesas, 2015). Strengths of the Nestle Company Matchless research and development competency- The Company expended billions on its Research and Development in the year of 2015. Presence of strong geographical segmentation to regulate diversified market in manufacturing and selling - The Nestl Company regulates a highest selling of its product in approximate hundred and nine countries that is selling almost the whole world. Matchless assortment in product and brand the Nestl company portfolio is broader than any of its competitors in the market. Make a best Endeavour in providing sustainability in Environment the Nestle putting every best possible measure to protect the realm of environment. Absolute Ownership on most of the identifiable products- the Nestl having an absolute ownership in its most and recognizable products like Nestl, Nescaf, Maggi and Kit Kat. (Friesner, 2011) Weaknesses of the Nestle Company The company faces allegation in a matters like improper usage of water, bonded labour and practising of several corrupt activities. Memories of contaminated product like Maggi in India- In the year of 2014, the company demolished a selling of adulterated Maggi noodle product in India. (Armstrong, 2010). Opportunities of the Nestle Company Strong and correct marking specifying of any adulterated products- the researcher of marketing states thatbuyers usually purchase products by its clear description and accurate labelling. Clearness in sourcing- nowadays the customer having more and more awareness in finding out the source of materials used in a product. Increasing number in trifling food start-ups- the food start-ups is a significant step to boost the products by attracting next or young generation in foods and drinks. Exploring markets especially in coffee and tea -.although the company considered as a largest coffee vendor, it still lack in significant brands in coffee and tea market. Threats of the Nestle Company Lack in eminent services of water the scarcity of water treated as a most critical issue due to the factors of change in climate, over inhabitants, exploitation of natural resources and improper controlling of water. (Piper, 2014). Increased opposition in the sector of food and beverage the company having a competitive rivalry in the industry of food and beverage. The industry of food and beverage running slowly in present time. The value of coffee beans might suggestively increase due to major environmental issues or tragedies- the company nets profit completely depend on the generation of coffee. Segmentation, Target and Position Market Segmentation of Nestle The marketing segmentation states the basic understanding of customers' requirements and satisfaction (Hassan and Craft, 2012). The Market segmentation requires searching of unmatched part of the market so that a proper segmentation can be provided by the company for the purpose of satisfying requirements of the majority of the customer (Sowey, 2010). The following sources for segmentation are divided on the basis of customers choice Geographic area Firstly, the segmentation of a product depends on the geographical factors like the selling of Nescafe coffee boost in the winters. Demographic area Secondly, the segmentation depends on the product according to the demographic criteria. The criteria of demographic include the selling of a product in different ages of customers like cerelac, lactogen, attracts infant or young consumers. Psychographic area Thirdly, the segmentation of the market depends on the factor of the life style and personality criteria. Such factor include in psychographic area. In Malaysia, kit Kat attracts consumers due to the taste of chocolate. Behavioural area Fourthly, the segmentation depends entirely on the consumer behaviour. For example- the product Cerelac provide a nutritional level for infants. Such inclusion of nutritional level judged the consumer behaviour. Target Marketing of Nestle The targeting of the product considered as a second step after segmentation process in marketing. The targeting of the product evaluates the classification of segmentation and decides the quality and quantity of the product (Peck et.al.2013) The company distributes the target marketing due to distinctive requirements and choices of consumer. The Nestle Malaysia classified their target strategy according to distinguish marketing policies such as Nescafe three in one product made especially for those consumers who are involved in hectic routine. Thus, the company provides targeting products according to the age, profession, seasonal time and weather of Malaysia (Baumgarth and Merrilees, 2013). Positioning Strategy of Nestle The positioning policy of nestle creates by its diversity of products, channels and differentiation on reputation, consumers choices or services. The company make a distinguish positioning on the basis of food processing such as it brings product like Nido with 25 kind of minerals in it. The company able to focus equally on all three process of marketing that is segmentation, targeting, and positioning process. It able to conclude which categories of customers supports the products of the company (Kotler and Gertner, 2007). Competitors analysis The Nestle Company holds a close competition or rivalry with the companies like Cadbury, Parle-G and Amul. These companies are having strong market shares and more popularity in a public. The chocolate like Dairy milk holds a centre of attraction more than the kitkat, much or milky bar of the Nestle. Other product like amul dairy products contains a strong sell and demand in the market. Moreover, the medium of the advertisement is stronger of Amul, Parle-G, and Cadbury than the company of nestle. Other strong competitors of the Nestle are Hersheys, Mars and Pearson. The Hersheys company is known as a largest American candy enterprise. The Hersheys is also contains a largest chocolate company worldwide. The incorporation like Mars is a largest private firm of United States. The popular brands of Mars are star burst and a snicker holds a public choice. Salted nut roll and mint patty of Pearson Company have a highest revenue than the Nestle company. It is recommended to the Nestle that to establish a strong advertisement policy like its competitors. There is an urgent need to introduce new healthy and flavorsome products to attract the largest number of customers. 4 P's Of Nestle The marketing strategy of Nestle analyses on the universal principle of 4PS that is Product, Price, Place and Promotion. Product The company is the worlds largest industry of food and beverage. It focuses on the products according to its nature and characteristics such as dairy products are Nestle milk, Nestle slim and Nestle Every Day Milk. The strategy of Nestle products classifies mainly according to its nature. The nature of the product includes its quality and excellence, design scheme, specifications and its brand tag. For example- the nestle is able to provide the diversity in the food products like infant foods, breakfast products, beverage items like coffee and tea, kitchen utilising items, nutrition foods etc. The brand like Nestle captures a market only by its products superiority. The Nestle Company is able to stress on the proper monetisation of its product. Thus, it is significant measure of the Nestle to provide a permanent assurance and safety guidelines to its customers. Price The general definition of the Price is the product worth in an exchange of its production and manufacturing. The term Price signifies that the companys revenue in the market. Hence, the mechanism of the price is a significant tool in the marketing strategy for a purpose to establish the visibility of the competitors and customers. Further, the price of the product ascertains its a quality and excellence specification. It creates a judgment power in the customer to sought any product of its choice. The company like Nestle focus mainly on the theory of price orientation. The price orientation deals with a competency to tackle current price issues in the market. The value of the products is depends on the excellence and superiority characteristics of the product. The value of the nestle products almost identical with the value of other rivalry in the market. Therefore the pricing strategy in the Nestle entirely depends on the factors such as the quality the product. Place The place considered as a foremost element of marketing. The strategy on the factor of place mainly deals with the usable conditions of the company. The place targets the uniformity in the channel diversity of the company. Moreover, time and place is important segment into the production or manufacturing of any product by the company. The place of the company affects the entire business of the company. The nestle Malaysia having an excellence place strategy which able to attract consumers globally. In context of place, the company follows the strategy of FMCG that is fast moving consumer goods. Company monitors the effective system of product distribution in several places globally. In context of Place factor, the nestle company also promoting the electronic marketing so that the direct supplying of the product takes place to the customer without storing the product at any specific place. Promotion According to Gertner (2007) the promotion is a main aspect of the marketing in which a customers choice can be determined. Promotion stimulates the core attention of the customers personal response and actions. The Nestle Company often come in a market with his unique techniques used for promotion. The promotion of the company always focuses on the consumers choices and needs. The company believes in pushing the excellent product quality and services. It successfully targets the consumers requirements. The techniques of promotion involve a smart approach or idea. For example- Kit Kat having an excellent tagline take a break which shows the good marketing skills of the company. The company is able to balance overall promotional strategy through the mode of advertising on Television, Posters, design and virtual advertisements over internet. Key issues of the Nestle The common issues and challenges of the nestle company are identified mainly on the following factors: First challenge There is an urgent need to Innovate and Renovate the nutritious and safe products in order to curb the existing health issues in the society. These health issues mainly are obesity, malnutrition and other disorders or deficiencies in any individuals customers. Even the time has changed today, customers are opting more healthy and nutritive products. The competitors of the Nestle are good in handling the current approach of the customers. The products of Amul or Cadbury are catching good eye in terms of the customers health. For instance- the dairy products of the Amul are very popular in the customers as it is providing healthy and nutritive dietary supplements in it. Hence, the Nestle Company requires stressing the current perspective of the customers choice and must ensure meeting all the fundamental priorities of health and wellness of its customers. Second challenge The Nestle Company requires a more productive and effective policy and scheme on Strict Responsibility towards an Environment. It must compliance respect to environment. There is a serious issue or a challenge facing by the company is the scarcity in the water conservation. The company must target the proper monitoring on the water usage in context of environmental aspect. It must ensure the transparency and proper traceability of the eco-friendly technology for the production or manufacturing the products. There must be proper installation of the environmental techniques like biotechnology and nanotechnology. It should contain a proper execution of the fair policies and schemes for the healthy and safe environment. It should focus on promoting the environmental methods in every level of the production units. Every employee must be concern for the environment rather than its own individual profit. Therefore, awareness plays a significant role in curbing the environmental issues at ev ery level of the company. Marketing strategies of the Nestle The marketing strategies of the Nestle form its core existence in the market. These strategies are able to attract a number of customers due to its strong marketing campaigning. The Nestle company mainly focus on the strategy of Think globally, act locally where marketing channels is enhanced at both national and international level. It targets the uniformity in the distribution and supply chain of the products. In order to establish the proper accountability and transparency in the distribution of products, the Nestle introduced the strategy of Answerable Sourcing. The sourcing aids in promotion of environmental welfare. The Nestle Company has a strong brand value which ultimately helps in strengthen its sales and economical strategy with ease accountability. The general rule of the sales marketing in the company follows with a principle of creative innovation. The factor of creative innovation deals with a factor to increase numbers of the customers due to its quality and excellence feature inbuilt in the products of it. Best illustration of the marketing strategy provided by classification on Micro Environment and Macro Environment. The strategy of Micro Environment deals with an internal environment of the company. Such internal environment includes a proper uniformity and balancing in the relations of the employee and labours. While the macro environment deals with external factors where a proper balancing and uniformity based in the context of political, social or economic aspect with a competitors of the market. Therefore, the marketing strategies of the Nestle Company recommended that the company must meet the current requirement or demand of the customers to establish the strong position in the market. To stretch more accountability and transparency in the marketing strategy, it is recommended that Nestle should disclose the public knowledge and awareness in it. Thus, the theme of brand line good food, good life is able to furnish practically all the requirement and core objects of the Nestls marketing strategy. Marketing orientation of the Nestle The concept of marketing orientation deals with a study of philosophical aspect in order to target and discover the basic needs and choices of the customer through the product. Generally, the reaction of the customer is evaluated on the usage of the product. The Nestle company follows the market orientation classifies on the basis of strategic marketing and operational marketing. The strategic marketing deals with an implementation of the strengths of the company that is nestle company holds a strong brand tag where nestle putting all innovative strategy to attract its customer. While, the operational marketing deals with a practical implementation in the products quality and design where nestle is able to provide prompt customers services by its excellence and superiority specification in it. Corporate Social Responsibilities of Nestle Every Corporate are obliged to comply with code of ethical, legal, and commercial. This is a general principle that every business has to implement in order to meet expectation of the public. The policy on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) plays a vital role in the marketing. The Corporate Social Responsibility described as a concept of broadening social factors in the marketing strategy (Gayo, 2012). The policy of CSR includes ethical or social norms in the marketing. It refers as an implementation of ethical principles by an organization in order to improve social disorders. Thus, Corporate Social Responsibility is generally company policy to accomplish a balance of financial, ecological and societal imperatives. The CSR Policy of Nestle creates value for society by its contribution in improving the nutrition, health and wellness through its products and services. The tagline of Nestle Malaysia is Nestle nourishing in order to achieve complete wellness and delivering promise to carry Good food, Good Life to all citizens of Malaysia. The fundamental principle of the Nestle is based on the principle of transparency and ethical codes and conduct. The Nestle CSR policy provides a three zone mainly focussing (Polonsky and Jevons, 2009). The three zones are Creating a shared value- it is considered as a core theme of Nestle CSR policy which aims to introduce different and countless value for society. It includes company mainly focuses on nourishment, water and overall development of public at large. Sustainability of Environment- the company puts equal effort to enhance the environmental values day by day. Such sustainability deals with a motto to provide healthy and green environment. The company forms a several protocol in order to implement long term approach in the conservation of the environment. Compliance- the Nestle respects every norms or standard in regard to legislation, principles of business affairs and other regulatory codes of conduct. Hence, it is proved that the company playing well in a social front as it is observing all practices of a business and influence directly on the nations economy, community. It is recommended that Nestle CSR policy should apply the human right policy across the globe. It is highly recommended that company should provide an assurance to its every employee that they are provided with adequate wages and extra wages according to their potential and capabilities. It is important step to encourage the hand working labor of the company. One must be provided with equal attention to its requirements and needs. The laborers should entitle to attain an equal pay with equal work and right to work with dignity (Shaw, 2007). The company should focus on banning child labor and forced labor. The humanity should be the core theme of the company. Such human rights policy should straightaway preserves the all basic needs of the employees as well as consumers needs and requirement. The business of the company should not compromise the needs of the public at large. The company should warrant and encourage that every unit of a company observes the codes of the human right policy with honesty and responsibilities. Conclusion The report on the Nestle Company concludes that the company is one of the successful brands in the world. In the present time, the company is putting an innovative idea in the industry of food and beverage and acquires a dominating position in the market. The consumers of nestle hope that nestle preserves constantly a quality products with the unique presentation of marketing methods (Azimont and Arauj, 2007). The company often putting a best endeavour to spread its product among every unit of markets either of big or small markets. 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