Migrations CCOT Essay

Genre Text Essay

The Real Inspector Hound When you think about the term ‘genre’, what does it precisely mean to you? Well I’m sure it’s doubtlessly that all of you usually trust it establishes either a sort or classification of content, yet in undeniable reality does it truly? Great morning Year 11. The prime focal point of your examinations during the HSC course one year from now, I’m going to talk about how the class of wrongdoing fiction has stretched out through time, whereby an assortment of ideas and attributes displayed all through a content may either strengthen, challenge or reach out on sort parameters. So what is kind at that point? Despite the fact that kind is very hard to characterize, there are various translations of the term since the limits between types are continually developing because of evolving values. As Daniel Chandler states, â€Å"defining sorts may not at first appear to be especially tricky however it should as of now be obvious that it’s a hypothetical minefield. † However, Jane Feuer accepts â€Å"genre is at last a theoretical origination. † These pundits consequently demonstrate that truly, while it might be anything but difficult to group a book to a specific kind, we should comprehend class as an idea that can apply to shifting applications instead of its central importance to a book. In saying this, as changing settings and qualities have created after some time, bringing about recently discovered shows, I’ve come to concur with Stephen Neale’s understanding; â€Å"Genres are occasions of reiteration and difference†¦ distinction is significant to the economy of sort. † (Neale, 1980). This my companions, successfully reflects consistent changing social qualities and mentalities in our social milieu, don’t you think? Consequently, my point today is to concentrate on the shows of the class of wrongdoing fiction and how they have been reproduced in various manners to mirror the social and social perspectives that are dynamic to their endurance inside the prevalence of a book. As Neale further proposes, â€Å"genres exist to help with molding esteems. † Subsequently, I will talk about how and why Alfred Hitchcock’s film Rear window and Tom Stoppard’s play The Real Inspector Hound have re-worked and stretched out upon wrongdoing shows pervasive in wrongdoing composing through type, frequently challenging crowd desires somehow. Thus, Rear Window features and develops the comfortable shows of its contemporary society by resembling the post-war issues of voyeurism and ladies and undermining them, reflected through its social milieu. The Real Inspector Hound likewise uses comfortable shows however spoofs them rather, testing the traditional Golden Age’s ‘whodunit’ storyline in a satiric manner, in order to question the rebuilding of equity and the possibility of reality versus reference. In this way, while the two writings look to expand and challenge wrongdoing shows, they likewise serve to investigate society’s human conditions and issues at the time so as to become original writings of the class. Coordinated in 1954, Hitchcock’s Rear Window strengthens the way that not many works epitomize every single required attribute of a specific classification, by astutely breaking the perfect shows of an emotional condition in a wrongdoing fiction content. The film is somewhat based around the thought of both tackling the wrongdoing and demonstrating that it occurred. Back Window further spins around the ideas of the changing jobs of ladies and inquiries the ethical quality of voyeurism. Such ideas mirror the relevant worries of the post-war period where a progressive social change was plainly common in the public eye, hence imperiling the conventional sex limitations set apart by WW2. Through the mis-en-scene of Jeff holding his camera looking outside the window as blinds are quickly raised to uncover vignettes of condos, it’s clear that an educational message sketching out the lack of scruples of voyeurism is contained inside Rear Window. As voyeurism further uncovered concealed universes inside the film, Hitchcock figures out how to consider American culture through every one of these squares going about as a microcosm. Be that as it may, it stops there. Similarly to our other content The Real Inspector Hound, Hitchcock pulls back from ordinary wrongdoing shows by not demonstrating the event of the wrongdoing itself. This was because of developing clash between the preservationist American government and developing acknowledgment to sexuality by society at that point, because of restriction on films. The idea of voyeurism is shrewdly utilized by Hitchcock by means of undercutting a comfortable setting, a show to mirror the idea of McCarthyism where there was a cracking of society because of the distrustfulness of socialism, which was generally unmistakable during the Golden Age. This is shown as the camera skillet across Jeff’s condo, concentrating on his photography apparatuses and stressing his fixation for watching life. Along these lines, Jeff’s issue of being entangled in his loft convinces him to do â€Å"something drastic† to evacuate him â€Å"out of the marsh of boredom,† which figuratively hints his anticipated leisure activity of keeping an eye on his neighbors. I’m certain all of you should think he’s weird, however the part of social uncertainty and dread at the time was what Hitchcock was trying to typify. Where spying starts as a blameless fixation, it before long turns into a psychotic exertion to demonstrate Thorwald’s criminal activities. Consequently, after the developing pressure portrayed through persistent panning shots, Jeff makes a move which uncovered signs in Thorwald’s loft. In any case, the results of voyeurism are made clear through the non diagetic sound and brisk movement of Jeff dropping out the window. Hitchcock consequently questions the ethical vagueness of voyeurism due to society’s dread of keeping up social request, by concentrating on the debased part of society turning out to be â€Å"a race of unwanted voyeurs. † Despite changing view of females in the workforce, how precisely did Lisa become a beginner criminologist and femme fatale, while introducing the developing independance and jobs of ladies? In established truth, Hitchcock broke a key wrongdoing show †there must just be one criminologist! A high point shot initially portrays Jeff as bound to his wheel seat, and the cast around his harmed leg is emblematic of the character limit he perseveres. Thus, Jeff is left powerless, a regular theme that’s common all through the film in which Jeff is figuratively unequipped for grasping his male strength, wanting to â€Å"emerge from his mortar cover. † Thus when Lisa develops, the dull lighting and shadows encompassing her means Jeff’s terrorizing, as men were surprised by the job of ladies in the post-war period. By having Jeff confined at home in a feminized position, Hitchcock supports Lisa as the novice sleuth, continued through her consistent predominance over Jeff inside the surrounding. Hitchcock further difficulties the authority of ladies in wrongdoing fiction as femme-fatales, whereby negative undertones reinforce the nearness of vain manliness. However Lisa’s solid persona and sheer assurance prompts her lethal support in â€Å"the next assignment,† showed in the panning following shot of her exploring Thorwald’s condo, underlining Lisa’s uncommon job as an investigator and the film’s finish of rebuilding. In this way, Hitchcock delineates the advancement of wrongdoing shows by testing customary wrongdoing shows, by means of speaking to the move in the developing autonomy and job of ladies in the public arena, by keeping up the two sexual orientations as primary criminologists. Therefore, Rear Window not just strengthens and reaches out upon wrongdoing type parameters, yet additionally reflects society’s evolving values, consequently clarifying why it’s considered a basic wrongdoing fiction message even today. Dissimilar to Hitchcock who rethought some wrongdoing composing rules, Stoppard totally conflicts with them. While Stoppard tries different things with the old style Golden Age wrongdoing shows, the wrongdoing classification is seen to constantly reflect society’s changing disposition and qualities. In effectively moving the crowd to decipher whether the apparent differentiation between what is genuine and a mention in wrongdoing is basic, Stoppard additionally drives them to scrutinize the rebuilding of equity. The apparent differentiation among the real world and reference is not, at this point significant in today’s post-present day world as it was in the Golden Age, because of changing cultural desires, similar to Stoppard proposes. He breaks customary shows, as the edges of a play-inside a-play have been crossed, exhibiting the obscuring of the real world. While Rear Window utilizes a comfortable setting to portray society’s issues, Stoppard rather spoofs it to show that a wrongdoing isn’t consistently inside its limits, and consequently resists wrongdoing shows to diagram the unreasonableness of society. The comfortable technique for creation bolsters this, being mocked through Mrs. Drudge’s ridiculous exchange about the â€Å"somewhat detached Muldoon Manor, which is encircled by dangerous bogs and mist. † Thus Stoppard condemns S. S Van Dine’s code where â€Å"the criminologist himself† â€Å"should never end up being the culprit,† by sending the deadly job onto Puckeridge, whom the crowd come to learn as Inspector Hound and Magnus too. This is delineated in the last scene through an overstated peak of a series of disclosures. For eg. â€Å"I am not the genuine Magnus Muldoon! It was a simple trick. Stoppard viably underscores the sensational and preposterous circumstance of the play, by exhibiting various delays and an abuse of clarification focuses in association with stage headings. Through an assortment of sensational gadgets, the qualification among the real world and reference is broken up, as Stoppard condemns the absence of advancement and irre

Essay Topics About Yosemite

Essay Topics About YosemiteWhen you choose the perfect essay topic about Yosemite National Park, you can help it to stand out and attract attention. It's not as difficult as it may seem, and there are many ideas that will help you get started. First, you need to decide which type of Yosemite related essays you want to write.The most obvious types of essay topics about Yosemite are history, geography, or physical. Both history and geography have sections where you need to research specific facts about the park. Here are some examples:Historical information is easy to find. The National Park Service has an index of places in Yosemite National Park. A quick search should yield enough background information to help you start writing. You can also do a general search online.Geography and natural history are harder to research. For this type of essay, it is best to use a good source such as the National Park Service for some general information. The official website for Yosemite makes a gr eat starting point. If you're looking for more specific information, it may be easier to use a Google search. Look for the words 'Yosemite National Park' to see if there are any other places where you can get more information.What type of essay topics about Yosemite do you want to write? This is another area that can be quite difficult. It depends on your desired level of difficulty. Some students prefer easier essays, but others may want to spend more time on their essay. Thorough research will make all the difference.If you think that there is little chance of you getting past the difficult essay topics about Yosemite, then it is probably a good idea to put this off until later. Then you can enjoy the rest of your vacation to the park and still research a bit. You don't have to worry about writing in the middle of the trip. Just give yourself plenty of time to really read up on the topics.Other types of essay topics about Yosemite are personal experiences. It can be very rewarding to write about what you know about the park. Try to describe what you saw, heard, and experienced.Writing personal essays about a place is not only interesting, but it also can be fun. You will find yourself discussing family stories, meeting new friends, and learning a lot about the people who live in the world. Remember that the type of essay you choose to write is very important. Remember to give yourself plenty of time to research the topic and to also give yourself plenty of space so that you can relax and just write.

The Usa s Act Of 2015 - 1580 Words

2012 (Donahue, 2014, pp. 180-181). These changes and others to the USA PATRIOT Act were made in the USA Freedom Act of 2015. Perhaps the most important change in how the federal government was reorganized after September 11th is the creation of both the Director of National Intelligence (DNI) position and the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI) in 2004 with the passage of the same IRTPA that created TSA. This concept had been first suggested in 1955 after a study by Congress then and was recommended time and again but only became a reality after the September 11th attacks drove the need for major intelligence reform home and the 9/11 Commission continued the push for the creation of such a position (ODNI, n.d., paras. 1-5). As one can see from the mission and vision of the ODNI, the importance cannot be overstated. The mission includes leading intelligence integration while having the IC produce the most insightful intelligence products possible and the vision is fully integrating the IC thus making the nation more secure (ODNI, n.d., paras. 1-2). As we have seen throughout the entire history of warfare, ancient world terrorism, political intrigue and elitist terrorism of the middle ages, and into modern terrorism, intelligence is of vital importance on both sides. Armed forces have always used intelligence of some form be it sneaking up a hill and scouting what is on the other side to the use of modern platforms such asShow MoreRelatedThe Successful Applications Of No Sql Databases1520 Words   |  7 PagesThe successful applications of No SQL databases in the USA involve the development of the Facebook wall. The Metlife in the Insurance industry applied the techniques of the No SQL databases to develop the social interface of the Facebook wall. 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Diosdado Macapagal - 3017 Words

Diosdado Macapagal ABSTRACT Diosdado P. Macapagal, fifth president of the Philippine Republic and known as Champion of the Common Man .He is the President who introduced the first tentative land reform law in the Philippines. Macapagal first won election in 1949 to the House of Representatives from his home province, Pampanga, north of Manila. In 1957, he became vice president in the administration of Carlos P. Garcia, whom he defeated in 1961 for the presidency.As chief executive, Mr. Macapagal yielded to pressure from the International Monetary Fund and liberalized foreign exchange and import controls. He also devaluated the peso in an effort to stimulate the sagging economy by increasing†¦show more content†¦Early Career After passing the bar examination, Macapagal was invited to join an American law firm as a practicing attorney, a particular honor for a Filipino at the time. He was assigned as a legal assistant to President Manuel L. Quezon in Malacaà ±an Palace. In 1948, President Elpid io Quirino appointed Macapagal as chief negotiator in the successful transfer of the Turtle Islands in the Sulu Sea from the United Kingdom to the Philippines.That same year, he was assigned as second secretary to the Philippine Embassy in Washington, D.C.In 1949, he was elevated to the position of Counselor on Legal Affairs and Treaties, at the time the fourth highest post in the Philippine Foreign Office. QUEST OF BEING A PRESIDENT In 1950 the members of the House of Representatives elected Macapagal as Chairman of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, and he was given several important foreign assignments. He was a Philippine delegate to the United Nations General Assembly multiple times. 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After that 3 hour wait and a two hour flight, touchdown Hong Kong! It’s funny

Good Vs. Evil in The Adventures Of Huckleberry Fin Essay Example For Students

Good Vs. Evil in The Adventures Of Huckleberry Fin Essay nOn important theme within The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn is the struggle between good and evil as experienced when Hucks personal sense of truth and justice come in conflict with the values of society around him. These occurrences happen often within the novel, and usually Huck chooses the truly moral deed. One such instance occurs when Huckleberry realizes that he is helping a runaway slave. His moral dilemma is such that he is uncertain whether he should or should not turn this slave, named Jim, over to the authorities. Society tells him that he is aided a criminal, and that is against the law. However, he has grown quite attached to Jim, and is beginning to realize that Jim is a really good person. He would also never hurt him. This illustrates the concept and symbolism of Jims freedom and societies influence on Huck. At one point, Huck convinces himself that the nest opportunity he receives, he will turn Jim in, and clear his conscience. The opportunity became available when slave hunters meet them on the river. Huck had an absolutely perfect chance to turn him over. However, he made up a story that his father was sick and needed help and asked the slave hunters for help. They immediately assumed that his father had smallpox, and he wanted nothing to do with Huck or his father. Thus, he had saved Jim, and actually felt good about it. Further along in the book, Jim becomes a slave again. Huckleberry, with the aid of Tom Sawyer, frees Jim. Once again, Jims escape and freedom are more important to Huck than societies viewpoint. The river is also important. The river is symbolic of freedom. It is also symbolic of good. When Jim and Huck are rafting down the river, they are free of society. They have no laws. This is not to say that they are lawless, however, the laws they obey are there own. This is in direct contrast to being on land, where society reigns supreme. Land is evil. This contrast also seems to make the river a character in itself. Its at times calm and relaxed, and at other times fast and dangerous, and sometimes foggy and confusing. However, its always moving. Always taking Huck and Jim to new adventures, and to new places. It is their backbone. So you see, that the concepts of escape and freedom within the book and the ways in which these concepts are symbolized are extremely important. They not only define what this book really is about, they single-handedly make the book worth reading

mediaessay3 Essays - Aesthetics, Articles, Digital Media, Mass Media

Tuanja CaruthProfessor SwaminathanEnglish 1A5/24/19Essay 3SummaryBeyonce is one of the most recognizable and most talented musicians of my generation. In the essay, Beyonce and Social Media, Melissa Addeeff, uses Beyonce's prominence and social media to capture the attention of the public to pass a message. Since Beyonce is regarded as a major figure in the music industry as well as social media, she is a prime example of how one should potray themselves on social media with authenticity. Melissa talks about the major themes of sexuality and feminist when talking about Beyonces use of social media. She emphasizes key themes and ideas when using comparing Beyonce and her use of social media. While presenting the themes, Avdeeff uses pathos, logos, and ethos to convey the message in which she is trying to send. The rise of social media platforms have given famous and iconic figures large followings online. Thesis.Even though the authenticity of the figure and the stuff he or she may po st can remain a concern since the posts are more aobut perception than reality (Adveeff). Ethical AppealWhen trying to convince an audience something, it is important to establish some authority, credibility, and authenticity. Throughout the article, Adveeff uses two ethical appeals to try and persuade the audience. Since the author is basing the article on an iconic figure which is Beyonce and the fact that since she is a celebrity then her posts and claims about her life are based on a credible chracter. Since Beyonces is a well known celebrity and has amassed a huge social media following, the evaluations of her authenticity and her self-presentation based on her is a subject to convince the readers that she is credible. The second ethical appeal is that the author's authority gives her the ability to make certain observations in the varying field of social media. Since the author is a senior lecturer for a course called Communication and Culture, she is in the postion to offer h er opinion on the subject. The many observations she made are very convincing since she has been observing social media over a period of time (Adveeff). Emotional AppealsSince Beyonce is a major figure in both the music industry and as well as across many social media platforms, this creates an emotional connection between fans and the author's article. Adveeff takes advantage of the fact that Beyonce has a huge following that spans worldwide and if there is an issue that involves her it will draw a lot of attention. Since the majority wants to associate themselves with Beyonces, it will capture the attention of a majority of her fans that follow her every move on social media. Also, when anybody points out certain characteristics of celebrities and major figures, than it makes the followers more curious about the topic and the article. The authors themese would need to have been understood through the emotional attachment. Adveeff does not only just use Beyonce as a way to appeal e motionally to the audience, she also uses certain words in relation to the concept to authenticity and self-presentation to connect the readers to the article. She makes sure she words that are neutral in bias, but they can convey and use emotions (Adveeff).Logical Appeals When a author is using logical appeals, he or she is trying to persuade the reader by using reason, logic, facts, and figures. Adveeff does this by pulling out stats and facts regarding Beyonce's followers. For example, she notes how Beyonce does not post a lot of selfies on her account, instead she mostly in showing off glimpses of her life. The author also puts the percentage in which Beyonce's posts about herself, Jay-Z her significant other, and her children. She uses this in relation with her themes to show that social media is deeply ingrained in our society and that we as a society must be conscious of how and why we use social media (Adveeff). Conclusion. The author's arguments are based on three important techniques of writing and because of this, she presents a convisncing argument. Our society is greatly influenced by social media. The author points out her thoughts that have been founded on her observations of social media through

Ohms Law - Voltage and Current relationship

Ohm's Law - Voltage and Current relationship Ohms Law is a key rule for analyzing electrical circuits, describing the relationship between three key physical quantities: voltage, current, and resistance. It represents that the current is proportional to the voltage across two points, with the constant of proportionality being the resistance. Using Ohms Law The relationship defined by Ohms law is generally expressed in three equivalent forms: I VÂ  /Â  RR V / IV IR with these variables defined across a conductor between two points in the following way: I represents the electrical current, in units of amperes. V represents the voltage measured across the conductor in volts, and R represents the resistance of the conductor in ohms. One way to think of this conceptually is that as a current, I, flows across a resistor (or even across a non-perfect conductor, which has some resistance), R, then the current is losing energy. The energy before it crosses the conductor is therefore going to be higher than the energy after it crosses the conductor, and this difference in electrical is represented in the voltage difference, V, across the conductor. The voltage difference and current between two points can be measured, which means that resistance itself is a derived quantity that cannot be directly measured experimentally. However, when we insert some element into a circuit that has a known resistance value, then you are able to use that resistance along with a measured voltage or current to identify the other unknown quantity. History of Ohms Law German physicist and mathematician Georg Simon Ohm (March 16, 1789 - July 6, 1854 C.E.) conducted research in electricity in 1826 and 1827, publishing the results that came to be known as Ohms Law in 1827. He was able to measure the current with a galvanometer, and tried a couple of different set-ups to establish his voltage difference. The first was a voltaic pile, similar to the original batteries created in 1800 by Alessandro Volta. In looking for a more stable voltage source, he later switched to thermocouples, which create a voltage difference based to a temperature difference. What he actually directly measured was that the current was proportional to the temperature difference between the two electrical junctures, but since the voltage difference was directly related to the temperature, this means that the current was proportional to the voltage difference. In simple terms, if you doubled the temperature difference, you doubled the voltage and also doubled the current. (Assuming, of course, that your thermocouple doesnt melt or something. There are practical limits where this would break down.) Ohm wasnt actually the first to have investigated this sort of relationship, despite publishing first. Previous work by British scientist Henry Cavendish (October 10, 1731 - February 24, 1810 C.E.) in the 1780s had resulted in him making comments in his journals that seemed to indicate the same relationship. Without this being published or otherwise communicated to other scientists of his day, Cavendishs results werent known, leaving the opening for Ohm to make the discovery. Thats why this article isnt entitled Cavendishs Law. These results were later published in 1879 by James Clerk Maxwell, but by that point the credit was already established for Ohm. Other Forms of Ohms Law Another way of representing Ohms Law was developed by Gustav Kirchhoff (of Kirchoffs Laws fame), and takes the form of: J ÏÆ'E where these variables stand for: J represents the current density (or electrical current per unit area of cross section) of the material. This is a vector quantity representing a value in a vector field, meaning it contains both a magnitude and a direction.sigma represents the conductivity of the material, which is dependent upon the physical properties of the individual material. The conductivity is the reciprocal of the resistivity of the material. E represents the electric field at that location. It is also a vector field. The original formulation of Ohms Law is basically an idealized model, which doesnt take into account the individual physical variations within the wires or the electric field moving through it. For most basic circuit applications, this simplification is perfectly fine, but when going into more detail, or working with more precise circuitry elements, it may be important to consider how the current relationship is different within different parts of the material, and thats where this more general version of the equation comes into play.

How to achieve expert status, HR Zone - Emphasis

How to achieve expert status, HR Zone How to achieve expert status, HR Zone Browse the business aisles of any bookshop and youll find an array of how-to titles. Whether youre hiring or firing, theres guaranteed to be a text extolling the latest methods, explains Rob Ashton. It can be tempting to think that these gurus are cut from a different cloth to normal folk. But the reality is that theyve achieved their expert status in large part by putting their thoughts and ideas in writing. Imagine that youve launched a company-wide initiative that will reduce labour turnover by 10 per cent over a six-month period. The managing director has asked you to share your success at the annual conference. But as the big day looms, you decide to let a colleague take the daunting task of speaking at the podium. Your colleague not only presents the project in all its glory, but speaks with such authority that people automatically associate her with being the expert. And youre left with little, if any, public recognition. The moral of the story (aside from always accepting public speaking invitations) is to make sure you own your ideas by getting them down on paper. For example, you could have distributed reports to all the employees in your company to demonstrate that you were the expert in that particular initiative. Cultivating expert status through writing is a smart move. It can lead to promotions, awards and all manner of challenging opportunities. You may not want to be a Sunday Times bestselling author, but you can still gain credibility within the HR world by writing reports, articles, white papers and blogs. So here are five steps to help you write your way to expert status in your organisation and beyond. One Always ask what employees need and want, even if youve been working with them for years. People change, so keep finding out what really makes them tick. Then, consistently take action to develop original HR practices. Dont be afraid to do things differently (provided of course its not just change for changes sake). Two Think beyond the nuts and bolts of your job and ask yourself how your work truly affects the lives of others. And always focus on the needs of your readers before you write any document. Remember, to gain authority in your organisation, you need people to connect with your writing. So be clear about who will read your document, how important it is to them and how interested they are in it. Use this information to help you shape the content. And make sure you speak directly to the reader by using words such as you, we, us and our. Three Give power to the people by including them in your writing. For example, its more effective to write that one in five people are now happier in their jobs than using the term 20 per cent. And use the active voice as much as possible. For example, youve helped to create over 700 new customers this year is far more effective than Over 700 customers have been created this year with your help. Four Write letters to HR magazines to comment on industry stories. Use the SCRAP formula to help structure your letter. The acronym stands for: situation, complication, resolution, action and politeness. Situation Begin by explaining the current situation or particular issue. For example, you may wish to highlight typical grades of the current graduate intake. Complication Introduce the idea that theres a problem. In this case, the problem could be that personnel managers are wasting time interviewing candidates who dont have the required skills, as grades seem to be a poor indicator of ability in the workplace. Resolution State your resolution to the problem. This could be forging links with universities to conduct undergraduate training in core workplace skills. Action Suggest what action the reader can or should take. You might want the reader to carry out your suggestion locally and report back to you. Politeness Finally, end with a polite, but thought-provoking sign-off. Five Cast your net even wider by contributing full-page articles to HR magazines and other business titles. Always send a synopsis of the article to the magazine first. Write an attention-grabbing headline and standfirst (the two lines under the headline). Then write a snappy opening paragraph and a few sentences about what your article will include. If the editor likes your idea, theyll work with you to decide on the exact content. It doesnt matter if youre a director or working your way up through the ranks, now is the time to start positioning yourself as an expert. Your ideas and recommendations are powerful, so take the time to tell people about them and document them effectively.

The 2012 Obama Presidential Campaign Research Paper - 1

The 2012 Obama Presidential Campaign - Research Paper Example The primary purpose of surfacing is to help determine the focus of the campaign (Smith 189). Barack Obama establishes the rhetorical theme for the campaign. Running for his second term, as he travels around the country, he begins to understand the concerns of the people, begins to relate himself to those concerns, and begins to develop solutions to issues that appear to be in agreement with popular opinion. The mass media reiterate Obama’s statements and hence help transform the issues and opinions into state or national concerns. Barack Obama officially declared his re-election campaign on the 4th of April 2011 (EM Publications (b) 18). The very first communication activity they engaged in was a promotional video depicting Obama supporters mobilizing for the re-election campaign. They used Facebook and Twitter to reach a larger target audience. Even the official announcement of his re-election plan was carried out through an online video that can be viewed on his campaign web site. The campaign started with the slogan ‘It Begins with Us’ (EM Publications (b) 18). Another communication strategy of the Obama campaign for 2012 was the decision to base the campaign in Chicago, where recent former U.S. presidents also based their re-election campaigns. On the 30th of April 2012, the campaign launched a new slogan: ‘Forward’ (EM Publications (b) 18). Basically, Obama had a massive campaign effort. Obama applied his 2008 campaign communications to reinforce his goals for 2012.

Environment- Topics in Asian Studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Environment- Topics in Asian Studies - Essay Example The discussion of the articles will provide a picture of how Asia has emerged as a strong player on the international market, as well as its role in the mitigation of pollution in each country. Outlook on Asian Environmental Status: An Anthropological View The current global trend is leaning towards the reduction of greenhouse gases and the alleviation of global warming. Several countries have already invested millions of dollars to develop technologies that will address these issues, mostly first world countries that have highly advanced industries, such as the US, Japan, and some European countries. However, several developing countries and third-world countries are still at risk of experiencing the adverse effects of pollution; either from land, air, water pollution, or from all of those. To further understand the environmental status of Asian countries, an in-depth look at each country will be discussed, as well as the legislations and government efforts that take place in these countries. One of the many Asian countries that experiences great environmental risks is South Korea. According to Kim Jung-Wk (2004), the stature of the country during the 1960s was focused on a proactive approach of improving the economy by increasing the density of industries, which undermines its traditional strict ethics of preserving the environment. South Korea was once a country that had high regard for nature. In the past generations, environmental crimes were mostly avoided by people due to the severe punishments that went along with it. Locals were keen on reducing wastes and pollution, certain practices were strictly observed on every possible aspect to minimize the use of natural resources, especially wood. Common practices include the design of houses and its strategic positioning making use of exhaust gas from cooking furnaces to provide heat for rooms, utilizing vegetable gardens and animals to recycle waste foods, and using ash and animal wastes as soil compost. In addition, government efforts in protecting the environment were strong during the time, considering the management of the mountains and forests as their number one priority (Jung-Wk, 2004). The Japanese invasion has resulted in turmoil in South Korea being the main reason for the destruction of the environment and destabilizing the strong environmental ethics of this once nature-loving nation. In 1910, reports indicate that a huge portion of the forest have already been reduced due to massive logging (Jung-Wk, 2004). Large shipments of timber were sent to Japan on a regular basis in order to fuel Japan’s war pursuits. Deforestation worsened during the period of the Pacific War which led to the inability of the soil to control flood and drought. This, in turn, resulted in the construction of several large-scale dams all over the country. The effects of deforestation also damaged the river systems and coastal areas. Large deposits of soil in the rivers made it shallow and coast s have been filled with clay deposits, this allowed land reclamation possible that even magnified the negative environment effects. In addition, the abrupt change in cultivated crops from mixed-culture and crop rotation to rice as well as the excessive addition of fertilizers and pesticides caused the fast degradation of the

A Comparison of the Supernatural in Tempest, Julius Caesar, and Midsum

Supernatural Phenomena in The Tempest, Julius Caesar, and Midsummer Night's Dream  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   The Oxford English Dictionary defines "supernatural" as something "that is out of the ordinary course of nature; beyond, surpassing, or differing from what is natural."   In light of this definition, I shall be discussing the plays The Tempest, Julius Caesar, and A Midsummer Night's Dream through three successive pairings, drawing distinctions and comparisons between each play and its significant others as relate to some aspect of the supernatural realm. In any discussion of two Shakespeare plays, the issue of chronology deserves at least a passing nod. In the case of The Tempest and A Midsummer Night's Dream, knowledge of the chronology of the plays is of paramount importance in understanding the differences in tone, language, and the relationship dynamics between Oberon/Puck and Prospero/Ariel/Caliban. A Midsummer Night's Dream came out roughly 1594-5, The Tempest around 1611-12, some seventeen years later. The development of Shakespeare's imagination, as well as his powers as a playwright and poet, are certainly evident in The Tempest: The language is richer and more convoluted, the tone darker, more brooding, as are the characters (a feature characteristic of Shakespeare's Jacobean phase), and the whole message of revenge transmuted into forgiveness and resignation is a remarkable departure from traditional Senecan motifs. Also, as often seen in the later plays, a particular character or group dynamic seen in an earlier play is u pdated, expanded, and elaborated upon, in this case that of Oberon and Puck. In MND, Oberon is proud and imperious, but basically helps the course of true love run smooth in the end with the help of... ...20th century might consider a quaint dramatic expedient, a colorful, fanciful, booga-booga quality, for the Elizabethan and Jacobean theatre-goer of the time, the world of fairies and ghosts and demons and witches was very much a real one, and it pays to bear this in mind when reading and attending the plays. To try and imagine that such things really people one's world, really have a place somewhere in the immense chain of being, is to feel a very vital resonance within that nothing in the gray, bleak, so-called post-modern landscape can ever provide.    Works Cited Badawi, M.M., Background to Shakespeare, London, MacMillan Education Ltd., 1981. Boyce, Charles, Shakespeare A to Z, New York, Roundtable Press Inc., 1990. All act, scene, and line number citations refer to the Arden editions of the various plays discussed in this monograph.   

Mass Media Brainwashing

People behave, think and act according to mental manipulation and programming. Industries, mass media, attorneys and the CIA bombards desires, anger, fear, guilt, repeatedly throughout the day.   Emotions manipulated by visual images, education, implied threats, high profile staged crimes, false implications of security, entertainment, television programming, radio programming, repeated suggestions by experts, music videos, songs, and advertising provokes people to act or make decisions seemingly on impulse. Mental programming begins before consumers are introduced to the product.Fifteen second commercials repeated over and over subliminally convince people their lives are incomplete without the product or service. Television programs persuade viewer’s opinions, emotions and mentality. Television sponsors remind the viewer his or her life is not wonderful without the product or services.   Targets eventually act on beliefs that a product or service is an advantage. â€Å" A large portion of the population makes a living simply by getting others to comply with their requests† (Rhoads, 97-04).Programmed individuals mindlessly following subtle suggestions or suddenly find themselves believing they cannot exist without particular services or products viewed over and over is brainwashing, not free will.Manipulation techniques involve social, compliance, propaganda, brainwashing; thought control or thought reforming and persuasion.   Social psychology influences beliefs, attitudes and behaviors. It is persuasion. Industries persuade people to purchase their products. Politicians persuade people to vote for their party. Social psychology does not have to be accurate or have any truth to it for it to be affective. It does not necessarily involve direct communication. In social psychology, the ones influencing individuals do so by controlling their own behavior, not the targets. Compliance technique is instant. The target mindlessly follows the comman ds. It does not change attitudes, beliefs or opinions. Consumers donate to a charity cause in shopping malls.Customers tip the clerks at Starbucks.   Propaganda is education. â€Å"Propaganda must be repetitious and simple† (Northstarzone.com).   Persuasion technique changes the lifestyle of an individual. This technique takes a while to be effective. It is highly effective. The results are harder to change and last longer. Persuasion is much more difficult. Successful persuasion changes the person unconsciously. The industry has an objective to improve everyone’s health. More commercials would advertise protein drinks, and multi-vitamins. Advertisements for cigarettes and junk food would decrease. After a couple of years watching active and people living fitness lifestyles running along side a beach everyday on television results in a stronger desire for healthier alternatives to cigarettes or sodas.A dark side of brain washing persuades the individual that having certain products or services are to his or her advantage. The product or service is always, without question, to the disadvantage of the target. Thought control, thought reforming or brainwashing destroys a persons identity and beliefs. This type of manipulation replaces an individual’s original beliefs and values that he or she strongly resist. An example of thought reforming is an attorney or prosecutor preparing for opposition in court convincing the person in question he or she needs psychiatric counseling. Professional and so called trustworthy people, persuades, manipulates and influence the person counseling is an advantage to him or her.When subtle suggestions and all the other social influences fail to work, implied threats, fear and unjustified demands are used. The manipulators, prosecutors or attorneys, are the ones with the disadvantage if their target refuses to go to counseling. Another example; the manipulator contacting every person the target becomes associ ated with. The target is not supposed to realize the people they are associated with is being controlled, either through reward or punishment. It starts off with reward; When the individual finds out, the promises are transformed into avoiding threats.Advertisers and marketers hardly, if ever use these tactics. It is highly illegal. It discredits the manipulator.   Politicians and educational and other government institutions use these strategies   Of course, when the plan does not turn out as expected, the government entity, police departments or politicians provide no legal protection. In fact, the politicians leave very little, if any, evidence of any association with the people being bribed.Social psychological manipulation deceptively implies that targets make choices by their own free will.   Nothing is further than the truth. Visual aspects of social manipulation involve something like decorating the business to satisfy the target audience. Choosing the right furniture, appropriate music, and dressing mannequins combined with premeditated advertising through commercials, television, movies and magazine ads that the individual chose to view are a combination of social psychological manipulation and over coming resistance.A store sporting hot pink bean bag chairs, oversize posters of Beyonce and the Pussy Cat Dolls, playing the latest hot music songs, even music video screens and a mannequin wearing the same green mini skirt and black halter top, that the stars wear on sitcoms, in latest magazines and in music videos break records sales with the outfit costing $350.00.   Consumers decision to purchase the over priced item started long before they were aware the outfit existed.   Does the consumer who spent $350.00 on the name brand outfit have more friends, more money, a better physique or more fun than the consumer who bought a comparable outfit from the clearance dollar bin at Wal-Marts? Advertising sold more than just an outfit. They sold fal se beliefs.In the comical scene, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mCwKbUVyHLY, uses social and compliance techniques. The wife walks in, interrupting her husband while he is very involved in a sporting event on television. She wants to know if the outfit she just bought makes her look fat. The scene implies if the outfit makes her look fat, her husband does not love her. The woman in the clip is not fat, no matter what she wears. Her attitudes and beliefs, feeling loved by her husband, are affected according to what she is wearing. Her husband, whose money was used to purchase the outfit, mindlessly follows the commands in the second scene. The message from her husband; I love you because of the outfit you are wearing.In the very graphic trading cards, http://yorick.infinitejest.org:81/1/cards.html, compliance, brainwashing, thought control and thought reforming are strongly used here. This is a clear cut example of Bush’s and the Texas governments work. The trade cards are pho tos that create fear, horror, and would make someone cry. They shock people, not in a good way. The message implied is to stop the horrible incidences, vote for Bush. People are not supposed to analyze the facts. They are supposed to mindlessly follow the government’s commands.Seven years after the World Trade Center Attack, the media has yet to produce any solid evidence that any middle-eastern nation is our enemy. There is no evidence Bin Laden exists. Hurricane Katrina, exaggerated or not, made an easy opening for any enemy nation to attack America. That World Trade Center attack was an excuse to go to war, a way to hide money foolishly spent, and hide the fraud within the American government. In the very funny, but very true paintings;   the facts about brainwashing are vivid.In the Axis of Evil drawings, the implied messages from the White House, are spelled out in plain English. The paintings are visual effects showing how America’s behavior was manipulated wit hout realizing it. Bush administration used fear, surprises, and shock.   In another drawing, â€Å"New propaganda slogans are being overtly and subliminally implanted by Bush and his gang through their speeches and actions† (LiverGood). War is Peace, Freedom is Slavery, Ignorance is strength are examples of how the human mind can be totally transformed.   At the beginning of Bush’s reign, anyone hearing these messages straightforward would have rejected it. People would have automatically said that was absurd. Over time, through a series of events, instilling such beliefs is possible.Education institutions, state and city organizations blindly accept bribes to psychologically manipulate individuals that Bush sets out to target. They may not realize the orders are coming from Bush. When people allegedly with high integrity and high morals are riding in wheel chairs to send someone a message, it does not matter if they realize where the suggestions they followed in the beginning are coming from.This type of psychological brainwashing involves individuals Bush wishes to target, not just the populations. When a government organization bribes a group, a student or an individual, that government organization is on the verge of losing all financial funding. Anyone taking suggestions from these organizations, no matter how attractive the promises, is very risky.Its leaders and attorneys are barely staying above criminal indictment. The patterns of behavior that students, professors and other government people are blindly following were repeated on that individual for years. The individual knows instantly. The people following the orders do not get what they were promised. The people blindly following the orders are no longer anticipating a gain. Their behavior is now avoiding a loss. People acting out of fear act and behave in ways that could have them committed. Bush is strongly applying this psychological technique.   Bush sees one thing. The pe ople he made promises too, are not coming through with what they told him they could do.Advertisers, government, and industries shape and form society’s actions through manipulation, repeated suggestions and numerous psychological methods. People refusing to educate themselves are easy targets. Timothy McVeigh, the Columbine high school kids and the majority of people in maximum security prisons are examples of high tech brainwashing. In perfect society’s, people make their own choices. In a real society, others status, wealth, and credibility depends on persuading and influencing people. People isolating themselves as much as possible, risk being profiled as anti-social.This is another form of powerful brainwashing. Brainwashing shows up in more forms than sales manipulation. Good natured citizens are serving time in prison because they wanted to do good, cooperate with authorities even under questionable circumstances. Those people in law enforcement are not going to stand by the individual who did everything they said to do. Leaving information, filling out questionnaires, and government organizations do not always use information for intended purposes. Manipulators continue to suggest services or products to reluctant targets. People refusing initial suggestions need to be aware that manipulators do not stop. Targets hearing the same suggestions repeated by different people must realize their behavior is being controlled.   The persistent suggestion of the product or service is a disadvantage for the target.Notes;LiverGood, Norman D, â€Å"Brain Washing America† http://www.hermes-press.com/brainwash1.htmRhoads, Kelton Ph.D, â€Å"How Many Influence Tactics are there.† Working Psychology.(1997-2004) : WWW.Workingpsychology.comâ€Å"Mass Media BrainWashing†http://www.geocities.com/northstarzone/NSTRPREZ.html (March 11, 2007)http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mCwKbUVyHLY, No other info given.http://yorick.infinitejest.org:81/1 /cards.html

Family Acceptance And The Health Of Lgbt Young Adults

Razeeyeh Isfahanizadeh. PSY 230- Spring 2016- PAPER ASSIGNMENT, REVIEW OF ARTICLE #1 Article. Ryan, C., Russell, S., Hueber, D., Diaz, R., and Sanchez, J. (2010). Family Acceptance in Adolescence and the Health of LGBT Young Adults, 205- 213. Research Question. The main research question proposed in this study is; Does family acceptance and support have a positive impact on LGBT health, and can it protect against suicidal thoughts and behaviors, and other negative health outcomes? The hypothesis asserts that family support and acceptance can enhance positive health outcomes in LGBT adolescents and young adult and it can protect against negative health outcomes of LGBT adolescents and young adults. Sample. The general population of†¦show more content†¦They were also given a survey which had items such as positive reactions to score. There were questions they needed to answer; such as: â€Å"How often did your parents talk openly about your sexual orientation?† The dependent variable is the health outcome. If we look into self-esteem, they measured it with the 10-item Rosenberg self-esteem scale. For social support there was a list of 12 items in the survey including as an example: â€Å"There is a special person who is around when I am in need,† (1=strongly disagree, 5= strongly agree). For depression, they used the 20-item center for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale to measure depression. Statistical Techniques. The researchers used different statistical techniques throughout the study (analysis of variance and regression). â€Å"First, they examined the associations between the measure of family acceptance and the background characteristics of study participants† (Ryan et al., 2010). They used one- way ANOVA for statistical differences across groups by presenting average scores for the three categories of family acceptance in order to reach the health outcome measures. For categorical measures, they presented propor tions of the sample in each of the family acceptance categories (the differences were tested with chi-square). Research Results. If we look at the results of self-esteem, we can see those with low acceptance had less self-esteem (M= 2.62), moderate acceptance had a moderate self-esteem (M= 2.83), andShow MoreRelatedPsy 230 : Fall 2016 Paper Assignment Essay1064 Words   |  5 Pages2010, Family Acceptance in Adolescence and the Health of LGBT young Adults, Journal of Child and Adolescence Psychiatric Nursing, Volume 23, pp. 205-213 Research Question. 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FBIs Unique Role in the United States Law Enforcement...

The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) has a unique role in the United States law enforcement community. The FBI is not a national police force, unlike other nations (such as France, Italy, Spain and Columbia) where patrol units and first responders are organized under the national government. The FBI is purely an investigative and intelligence agency and focuses on cross jurisdictional crimes and national security issues. Its stated mission is â€Å"To protect and defend the United States against terrorist and foreign intelligence threats, to uphold and enforce the criminal laws of the United States, and to provide leadership and criminal justice services to federal, state, municipal, and international agencies and partners† (FBI.gov).†¦show more content†¦Protect the United States against cyber-based attacks and high-technology crimes; 4. Combat public corruption at all levels; 5. Protect civil rights; 6. Combat transnational and national criminal organizations and enterprises; 7. Combat major white collar crime; 8. Combat significant violent crime; The time is near for the next strategic plan to be published, and comments made by FBI Director Robert Mueller indicate that the FBI’s priorities may be shifting yet again: â€Å"â€Å"We are developing and putting into place a different structure for the FBI that reflects the particular threat today. My own belief is that as we look to 2010, as we look further in the future†¦increasingly the FBI’s mission will be to address transnational threats because†¦we are the intersection between the threat overseas and state and local law enforcement†. Rightfully so, Director Mueller has recognized the growing threat from transnational organized crime and will hopefully he make it a top priority in coming years. The reason that international organized crime should be a top priority for the FBI is that it represents the greatest chronic criminal threat to the safety and well-being of American citizens and to the national security. This is not to say that the other seven items that were FBI priorities from 2004-2009 are unimportant, but they pale in the frequency and magnitude at which international organized crime affects America. Certainly, terrorismShow MoreRelatedViolence And Culture : What Is A World Without Violence?2434 Words   |  10 Pagesbroken cycle of trust and protection in an us against them society. Is it safe to say the purpose of the American police and Sherriff department is to have a unique partnership with the community in accordance with the constitutional rights to not only provide a safe environment, preserve the peace but to also reduce the fear and enforce the laws in which the government has set forth for us all to abide by? The protection of the American nation has converted from the officer behind the uniform and badgeRead MoreWashington Dc For A Nation Youth Leadership Forum On National Security1798 Words   |  8 PagesEver since I entered high school I have been interested in working for a federal law enforcement agency. I have been to Washington DC for a Nation Youth Leadership Forum on National Security, and have had the chance to meet many people from different agencies. Being able to talk to these people about their jobs only increased my interest in this field of work. When thinking about what I want to do in the future I would like to work as a special agent. Almost every federal agency has careers thatRead MoreCauses of Bank Failure6382 Words   |  26 Pagesconspiring to commit bank and wire fraud for his role in a $1.5 billion fraud scheme that contributed to the failure of TBW. The guilty plea was announced today by Assistant Attorney General Lanny A. Breuer of the Criminal Division; U.S. Attorney Neil H. MacBride for the Eastern District of Virginia; Acting Special Inspector General Christy Romero for the Troubled Asset Relief Program (SIGTARP); Assistant Director in Charge James W. McJunkin of the FBI’s Washington Field Office; Michael P. StephensRead MoreNational Security Outline Essay40741 Words   |  163 PagesNational Security Law and the Role of Tipson 1 CHAPTER 2: Theoretical approaches to national security world order 4 CHAPTER 3: Development of the International Law of Conflict Management 5 CHAPTER 4: The Use of Force in International Relations: Norms Concerning the Initiation of Coercion (JNM) 7 CHAPTER 5: Institutional Modes of Conflict Management 17 The United Nations System 17 Proposals for Strengthening Management Institutional Modes of Conduct 23 CHAPTER 6: The Laws of War and Neutrality

International Trade and Ad Campaign Essay - 1063 Words

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Economics Assignment Free Essays

ECONOMICS ASSIGNMENT For a market of your choice, keep track of the spot or share price fluctuations during a period of at least two years. Prepare a report of approximately 3000 words, for each market, discussing in detail the multiple forces (interesting developments) responsible for the trends. Tuesday 24 May 2011 Table of Contents Executive Summary Executive Summary In analysing the consumer market, we have chosen the share prices of two JSE listed companies, namely SABMiller and Rainbow Chicken which belong to the beverages and food producer’s sub-sectors respectively. We will write a custom essay sample on Economics Assignment or any similar topic only for you Order Now Our two-year analysis is for the period March 2009 to May 2011. We will explore how Rainbow Chicken fared relative to its nearest competitor – Astral Foods. SABMiller allowed us to expand our thinking and methodology as the company also has a dual-listing on the London Stock Exchange. Its three closest competitors Heineken, Anheuser-Busch InBev and Carlsberg Breweries have foreign listings. It stands to reason, therefore, that we begin our assignment with an overview of the global context in which both companies operated in the period under review. The aftermath of the recession and changes in global economic indicators like the ZAR:USD exchange rate and the price of Brent crude oil will be examined. What we found particularly interesting was the resilience of both company’s share prices in the challenging global economic climate. We mention the factors that insulated each share from the global downturn. We then turn our attention to South Africa’s economic environment and examine the extent to which the foregoing global factors impacted on South Africa’s macroeconomic policy landscape. The two variables that we pay particular attention to are the local repo and CPI rates. We address the extent to which changes to these local variables impacted on the share prices of SABMiller and Rainbow Chicken. As mentioned in the first paragraph, our analyses consider the industries in which both companies operate by comparing their share prices with those of their nearest competitors. Our company analyses focus on internal considerations and the strategic objectives detailed in SABMiller’s and Rainbow’s annual reports for the 2009 and 2010 financial year ends. In our analyses of each company’s share price, we remain mindful of the fact that, although not directly responsible for the share’s daily performance, the objectives and calibre of management nevertheless impact on the share price. We conclude each analysis with a justifiable prediction of the expected trajectory of each company’s share price. The concentric eclipses in the diagram below depict the logical progression of our assignment’s structure, beginning with the outer-most eclipse. The diagram also shows the inter-relatedness of each eclipse relative to the other and how it is impossible to isolate the effects of one from the other. This reinforces the aphorism that: â€Å"in Economics everything is related to everything else; and usually in more ways than one. † The Global Environment [pic] Source: www. eia. doe. gov The price of Brent crude oil has been steady at an average level of $70 to $80 a barrel until November 2010. Since December 2010, the oil price has been rising, reaching a peak of $120 / barrel in April 2011. This has been partly due to uprisings in the Arab world, which holds the majority of global oil reserves. The oil price affects domestic inflation as fuel and energy are a major component of South Africa’s CPI basket. The price of petrol, which is based on oil prices, also raises logistical costs. SABMiller and Rainbow paid more to transport their products in the December 2010 to May 2011 period as a result of the spike in oil prices. It stands to reason that these higher transportation costs would be passed on to consumers as higher product prices by both companies. pic] Source: www. xe. com The graph above shows that the Rand has been strengthening relative to the US Dollar from 1USD:10ZAR to 1USD:6,3ZAR between March 2009 and May 2011. The strong rand has had a favourable impact on our terms of trade as can be seen from the self-explanatory graph below which depicts the Balance of Payments. The company analyses below reveal that SABMiller exports and imports a number of its brands across the world. Rainbow Chicken imports the soy component of its chicken feed wholly from Argentina. The rand’s strength impacts on both companies’ performances (and hence) their share prices favourably. [pic] [pic] Source: www. resbank. co. za The South African Environment Domestic interest rates [pic] Source: www. resbank. co. za The graph above shows that the Reserve Bank’s stance to monetary policy has been expansionary. This is shown by the gradual decline in the repo rate from 9,5% in March 2009 to its current level of 5,5% in May 2011. The Reserve Bank’s mandate is to keep the inflation rate within its target band of 3% to 6% and it uses the repo rate as the instrument with which to impact inflation. The Reserve Bank’s lowering of the repo rate is due to the CPI breaching its upper target limit of 6%. This is shown in the graph below. There is a positive relationship between the repo rate and CPI. It stands to reason, therefore, that the gradual lowering of the repo rate would be accompanied by a decline in the CPI rate. This is indeed the case. However, because of lags, the effect of a fall in the repo rate on the inflation rate is not reflected immediately and the CPI remains significantly above the upper limit. A fall in the repo rate eases pressure on consumers by raising their disposal incomes since they, theoretically, spend less on their credit commitments. All things being equal, this would raise the sales volumes of SABMiller’s and Rainbow’s products. Domestic Inflation [pic] Source: www. statssa. gov. za The graph above depicts the trend in inflation. It is clear that although the inflation rate has been on a downward trajectory (following the lowering of the repo rate) it was in breach of the upper limit of 6% from March 2009 to Oct 2009. It was within the target band in November 2009 but breached the upper limit again between December 2009 and February 2010. The latter breach is attributable to the market’s inflation expectations because of the steep increase in electricity tariffs during this period (www. eskom. co. za). As mentioned previously, the biggest components of South Africa’s CPI basket are food and fuel and the graphs below will be used to explain the impact of inflation on SABMiller’s and Rainbow’s performance specifically. CPI indicator relevant to SAB Miller pic] Source: www. statssa. gov. za This graph shows that inflation for alcoholic beverages has not only been consistently higher than the upper limit of the inflation target band, it has also been significantly higher than the country’s inflation rate. This is due to the fact that a major component of the price of alcohol is a â€Å"sin tax†, which is imposed by the finance ministry, because of the relative ly inelastic nature of the price elasticity of demand for alcohol as well as irresponsible and excessive consumption patterns. For some consumers, even a sharp increase in the price of alcoholic beverages does not result in a fall in the quantity demanded. There would, in all likelihood, be a shift away from the consumption of relatively more expensive alcoholic beverages towards relatively cheaper alcohol – not a complete cessation in the consumption of alcohol. This is one of the reasons that SABMiller’s share price has shown steady gains relative to the market. CPI indicator relevant to Rainbow Chicken [pic] Source: www. statssa. gov. za Consumer food price inflation decelerated sharply from December 2010. It is also interesting to note, that between January 2009 and January 2010, the prices of wheat fell by 24,58%, maize by 22,57% and sunflower seeds by 18,49% (www. finweek. co. za) Decreases in the prices of these staple foods has a positive impact on the poor as they spend 33,4% of their incomes on food; versus the rich who spend a mere 2,6% of their incomes on food. Poor people consume relatively more chicken than red meat because the latter is relatively more expensive. Chicken is the cheapest form of protein in South Africa and demand for it is high (www. astralfoods. com). Furthermore, the above staple foods are used as chicken feed which is a significant input cost for Rainbow Chicken, therefore the company has had cost savings because of bumper crops and the consequent price decreases in these commodities. The table on the following page clearly accounts for the nearly vertical decline in the graph above which shows food price inflation. [pic] Source: www. resbank. co. za GDP – South Africa [pic] [pic] Source: www. statssa. gov. za The graphs above show that South Africa was in a recession in 2009, as defined, because of the two consecutive quarters of negative GDP growth. Our recovery from the global recession was due to the fact that we had a low exposure to the sub-prime market crisis that was responsible for the global meltdown. Our banking and macroeconomic policies remain robust. The growth in the economy from the third quarter of 2009 is also due to infrastructural investments that were made for the 2010 Soccer World Cup as well as South Africa’s contributions to the BRIC emerging markets bloc – especially our trade with China. It is expected that our formal inclusion to the BRICS nations since April 2011 will maintain the upward trend in GDP (www. lobalsherpa. org). Positive GDP growth has a positive impact on the performance of SABMiller’s and Rainbow’s shares. In a boom everyone does well. SABMiller, in particular, has a presence in all five BRICS nations and is poised for growth as emerging market economies have overtaken developed economies in their contributions to global GDP. We now examine SABMiller’s s hare price in more detail and then turn our attention to Rainbow Chicken in light of the foregoing discussions on the global and local environments. Analysis of SABMiller pic] SABMiller is a global operation covering 75 countries on six continents and employing over 70 000 people. Its portfolio of businesses is divided into six regions and is well balanced between developed and emerging markets. Between them, the businesses produce over 200 different brands and sell 213 million hectoliters of lager a year. Since listing on the London Stock Exchange 10 years ago the company has grown substantially and has a market capitalisation of ZAR 419,837,700,000 on the JSE and GBP 36,099,310,000 on the LSE. The company’s markets range from developed economies such as the USA to the fast growing BRICS economies (SABMiller Annual Report, 2009). SABMiller is also the number one bottler of soft drinks for The Coca Cola Company. The breweries market can be seen as oligopolistic in nature since SABMiller and its three main competitors (Heineken, Anheuser-Busch InBev and Carlsberg) are the dominant players in the market and have significant market share amongst them. The oligopolistic market structure has a positive impact on the company’s operations and share price performance. In North America, SABMiller (through its strategic partners) is the second-largest brewer in the United States and owns nearly 30% of the US beer market. In Latin America, it is the number one brewer by market share. In the majority of the ten European countries in which it operates, the company is the number one or number two brewer by market share. The same holds for Africa and Asia. In the 2009 annual report Mayer Kahn, the Chairman of the Board, stated that the global brewing industry was expected to continue to consolidate and that participation in industry consolidation provides opportunities to enter growth markets and to create value from scale benefits. The graph below shows SABMiller’s share price relative to its three main competitors. It is clear that all four companies’ trajectories have moved in tandem but Carlsberg’s share price has significantly taken the lead with SABMiller in second place. At the turn of the century, the top 10 brewers accounted for just over one-third of global beer sales volumes. The past decade has seen a rapid consolidation, resulting in the top four brewers – Anheuser-Busch InBev, SABMiller, Heineken and Carlsberg – accounting for almost 50% of beer sales volumes and up to 75% of the global profit pool. (SABMiller Annual Report, 2010) [pic] Source: www. heineken. com Mr Kahn attributes the company’s good results (in both 2009 and 2010) to the operational strengths of the businesses and the power of their leading local brands. He concedes that even though SABMiller was not immune to the global crisis, beer is a fairly resilient product which placed the company in a better position than many to weather the storm. He goes on to say: â€Å"Thanks, partly, to our long experience of emerging markets, we are used to operating under difficult conditions. If we look back ten years to our London stock market listing, it is worth remembering that the Asian currency crisis at that time had shaken investor confidence in emerging markets and that the outlook was far from encouraging. Nevertheless, we prospered and grew and achieved the international expansion that our listing was intended to facilitate. Ten years on, our geographic spread is proving to be an advantage in that different countries are affected by the crisis at different rates and to differing degrees. So while demand in Europe has dropped sharply, countries in emerging markets such as Africa and Asia have fared relatively well despite falling back from the high – one might say unsustainable – rates of growth of recent years. † SABMiller Annual Report, 2009 In short, SABMiller’s diverse spread of businesses, strong market positions, and a portfolio of leading brands mitigated against the risks and negative consequences of the global downturn and contributed to the steady upward momentum in the share price. In response to the mismatch between the supply of, and demand for, certain brewing and packaging raw materials in Africa, the company is increasingly using locally grown crops such as sorghum and cassava to produce affordable brands. This is done to minimise supply shortages and the price volatility of key raw material inputs. Continued robust pricing and productivity enhancements offset increased commodity costs (SABMiller Annual Report, 2010). It comes as no surprise, therefore, that the combination of the above factors resulted in a steady upward trend in the company’s share prices on both the London and Johannesburg bourses in the period under review as seen in the graphs below. [pic][pic] Source: www. sabmiller. com In 2010, Mr Kahn had similar good news for investors, citing the same reasons as for 2009. However he mentions the company’s management team as being a key contributor to the positive results: This year, in addition, we have benefited from management’s ability to reduce costs and selectively increase prices in order to maximise revenues†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Source: SABMiller Annual Report, 2010 In the third paragraph of our Executive Summary, we mentioned that the management of any company is not responsible for the share price. However, in fulfilling its primary objective of maximising shareholder value, the credibility of and strategies employed by management invariably have an impact on the share price. It would appear that the management and directorship of SABMiller are market-friendly. The members of the executive team are representative of each of the continents in which the company operates; with Mr Cyril Ramaphosa and Dr Dambisa Moyo as the notable representatives for Africa. Other market-friendly strategies include the December 2009 announcement that 8. 45% of the shares in SABMiller’s South African subsidiary, The South African Breweries Ltd (SAB), would be placed under Black ownership as part of its commitment to Broad-Based Black Economic Empowerment in South Africa. This transaction created 40,000 new shareholders among SAB employees and qualifying retailers. The deal also created a charitable foundation that holds 18% of the shares that were issued under the transaction. The dividend income will be used for the benefit of the wider South African community (SABMiller Annual Report, 2010). The company also capitalised on the strength of emerging markets (particularly in China and Africa) by channeling its growth strategies to these markets. â€Å"Globally, the beer market grew by 1. 5% in 2010, led by a continuing strong performance in Asia, Africa and Latin America. China grew by 6. 5%, Africa by 3. 1% and Latin America by almost 3%. Western Europe continued the trend of declining beer volumes, driven by a shift in consumption to other beverages and the decline of on-premise consumption. † Source: SABMiller Annual Report, 2010 In the 2010 financial year the company acquired four new breweries in China, invested in new breweries in Tanzania, Mozambique, Angola and Southern Sudan and carried out expansions and upgrades in Uganda and Zambia. The trends in the graphs depicting SABMiller’s share price on both the London and Johannesburg Securities’ Exchanges (given above) require no further explanation. With good management being both a contributory factor to and a consequence of the share’s strong performance, it is reasonable to conclude that the positive momentum will continue. [pic] Analysis of Rainbow Chicken [pic] Rainbow Chicken Limited is the largest processor and marketer of chicken in South Africa. It is a fully integrated broiler producer that breeds and rears its own livestock which it feeds from its own feed mills. Rainbow processes, distributes and markets fresh, frozen, value-added and further-processed chicken. The company has a market capitalisation of ZAR 6 124 893 000 009 was a very challenging year for the South African poultry industry, both locally and globally. The local chicken industry was negatively impacted by the fall in demand due to the recession. An oversupply by local producers and increased imports due to the strong rand also added to the industry’s woes. These difficult market conditions were a further test of Rainbow’s differen tiated brand strategy, which through its foodservice and consumer brands, seeks more consistent, profitable and sustainable business (Rainbow Chicken Annual Report, 2009). Despite these challenges, Rainbow managed to deliver an acceptable overall performance. Positive performance, like a rally in the share price, is a function of several variables and while we can make inferences about the correlation between the two, we make no such inferences about their causality. Like SABMiller, Rainbow’s Black Economic Empowerment transaction (which was concluded in July 2008) was market-friendly and boosted the company’s share price. Rainbow provided vendor financing for a 15% equity stake that was issued to a consortium that was constituted by its employees, Imbewu Consortium, Ikamva Labantu, and Mrs M Nhlanhla, a non-executive director. The BBBEE transaction resulted in the share price rallying from R12. 0 to R16. 80 in the latter period of the second quarter of the 2009 financial year as shown in the graph on the following page. 2010 was an equally challenging year for Rainbow but its effects were mitigated by South Africa’s steady recovery from the recession, a lower interest rate and inflationary environment. Maize prices d eclined since their peak in July 2008. The global financial crisis caused a dramatic decrease in the demand for maize, improving the previously dangerously low US and global maize stock situations to such an extent that international prices fell sharply from their record levels. Rainbow Chicken, Annual Report, 2010). The fall in maize prices, which is a major component in chicken feed, resulted in a reduction in the company’s input costs which boosted the bottom line. Local producers added significant production capacity for wheat, grain and soy over the past five years. Rainbow imports the soya component of its chicken feed from Argentina and it has a significant FOREX exposure. The strong rand, however, in the period under review, has been in the company’s favour. The company’s 2010 annual report reflected acceptable profit margins. In both 2009 and during 2010, the company’s share price maintained its upward momentum as reflected in the graph below. [pic] |Key Features – Rainbow Chicken Share Price | |Year |Low |High | |2009 |11500 |16800 | |2010 |15900 |16900 | The graph and table above confirm the findings in the preceding paragraphs. Although the difference between the year’s highest share prices is negligible, South Africa’s economic recovery may be gleaned from the fact that the lowest share price for 2010 was 4400c above the 2009 low. Consumer’s disposable incomes were higher in 2010 because of falling interest and inflation rates. Falling input costs and increased consumer demand increased the appetite for the company’s shares as investors’ expectations of earning better returns were supported. Other events that led to sharp movements in the company’s share price include the market’s speculative expectations immediately prior to the announcement of the group’s 2009 results. After the results were announced, the share price dropped to R13. 90 because of the 39. 6% decline in headline earnings. The reason for this decline in earnings can be attributed to the company’s policy of buying feed products forward. The share price stabilised for the remainder of 2010 due to an increase in the multitude of families that joined the ranks of South Africa’s middle class. As the middle class grows in size, so the taste of chicken diversifies allowing entrepreneurs to come up with new ways of marketing chicken to end consumers. We now turn our attention to Rainbow’s competitor, Astral Foods, to get a better idea of the South African poultry industry before making conclusions about how justifiable a continued rally in Rainbow’s share price is. Astral Foods is Rainbow Chicken’s nearest competitor. The company holds investments in subsidiary and joint venture companies. Its primary activities are animal feed pre-mixes, the manufacturing of animal feeds, broiler genetics, the production and sale of day-old broiler chicks and hatching eggs, integrated breeder and broiler production operations, abattoirs and the sale and distribution of various key poultry brands. Its current market capitalisation is R5,5 bn (www. moneyweb. co. za) Despite a 5% drop in sales volumes, revenue for Astral Foods’ poultry division increased by 13% for the 2009 financial year. (Astral Foods Annual Report, 2009). The market was neutral about the appointment of Chris Schutte as the Chief Executive Officer, effective 1 May 2009. The share price was also not responsive to the appointment of Daan Ferreira as the Financial Director. This may be because it was not perceived to be mindful of BBBEE. The improvement in Astral Foods’ revenue for the 2010 period was largely attributable to a sustained growth in volume. The volume growth was on the back of improved production results supported by better poultry health status. Depressed consumer spending, together with higher levels of imports and high local stock levels, contributed to vigorous promotional activity with prices at levels below historical levels. Reduced feeding costs during the period countered the effects of lower poultry selling prices. A lengthy period of industrial action at Earlybird Standerton negatively impacted the company’s share performance. (Astral Foods Annual Report 2010) |[pic] | |The graph above shows the steadily upward trend in Astral Foods share price. Not surprisingly, it follows a similar pattern to Rainbow | |Chicken’s share price – with pronounced sell-offs in the first and second quarters of 2009 and improvements thereafter. This pattern | |provides comfort because of the consistency of both company’s responsiveness to events in the poultry industry. It would be concerning if | |the companies had different trajectories. The consensus amongst analysts is that the South African poultry industry is poised for | |significant growth given that the price of chicken has risen by 30 per cent year-on-year while the cost of feed has come down. We | |anticipate that Rainbow’s share price will maintain its upward trend. | | | BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. Astral Foods Limited Annual Report, 2009. www. astralfoods. com 2. EIA Independent Statistics and Analysis, US Energy Information Administration, www. eia. doe. gov 3. www. eskom. co. za 4. www. finweek. co. za/Economy/Food-inflation-still-a-concern-20100301 5. www. globalsherpa. org/china-africa-brics 6. www. heineken. com 7. www. moneyweb. o. za 8. Rainbow Chicken Limited Annual Report, 2009 and 2010, www. rainbowchicken. co. za 9. Reserve Bank Quarterly Bulletin March 2011,www. resbank. co. za 10. SABMiller PLC Annual Report, 2009, www. sabmiller. com 11. SABMiller PLC Annual Report, 2010, www. sabmiller. com 12. Statistics South Africa, Statistical release P0141, www. statssa. gov. za 13. www. xe. com [pic] ———————– Economics Assignment 2011 GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT LOCAL ENVIRONMENT INDUSTRY / COMPETITORS COMPANY SHARE PRICE How to cite Economics Assignment, Essay examples